It would depend on what the rules would be for a pistol. If I could only have 1 rifle and 1 pistol, and it was some law, then I would go for a 357 lever action Marlin 1894. That would go along with my S&W Model 13-1 357 mag revolver. It would allow me in BOTH to go with the lowest/weakest 38 spl there is; through the 158 grain 38spl; to the +P 38 spl; then all the way through the 357 magnum rounds between the 37 grain - 80 grain personal defense; to the 110 - 180+ grains heavy stuff. This would allow every possible scenario of personal defense, and hunting out to 150-200 yards. But even an elk+ can be taken with a 180 grain 357 magnum at the right distance.
On a side note; I normally recommend to ALL individuals asking for advice on their "FIRST GUN" to go with the 357 magnum revolver. Simple, yet effective. Plus; you can shoot inexpensive 38 spl. Then; go with the 357 magnum lever action rifle, which will take care of most hunting, and you don't have to deal with another caliber. After that..... Is simply a matter of WANT and FUN. But for NEED: I always suggest the 357 magnum revolver as the first handgun. It has the largest selection of bullet sizes and power compared to ALL other calibers. It is about the most versatile caliber there is. And a revolver is about the most reliable there is. Throw in a matching rifle caliber, and it's perfect. But which rifle I take would depend on the rest of the limitations in this scenario. Caliber and what's the rule on pistols.