Well, FWIW, my younger brother has shot the 30-'06 quite a bit over the chronograph with a lot of handloaded ammo. He was able to work up to 3,000fps with 180 grain bullets and good case life. I think that's overly optimistic to expect to get there with the average rifle, but it worked for him with that particular rifle. I expect the pressures were in magnum-rifle territory..... I probably would have quit at 2,800.
The way I look at it, the 308 a slight increase over the 300 Savage, which itself is a modest but notable increase over the 30-30. None of them are equal to the 30-'06 in power. There are perhaps several reasons that make the 308 a better choice for a long-range, competitive target rifle. But that rifle is not a hunting rifle. Long range target shooting is slightly interesting, but not my discipline. To me, long range means 300 to 500 yards, and that's further than most hunters are competent to take a shot at, let's say, a deer. For this purpose, I prefer a 270 Winchester but a 30-'06 would be my second choice. For hunting around in steep, timber covered woods; I like a 30-30 carbine better.
esthetically, I have no fondness for calibers that have only been around since the last half of the previous century. If I was a long range competitor, I would have a greater appreciation for the 308. In an appropriate rifle, it's certainly an adequate deer cartridge. It just doesn't charm me. Life's too short for having a rifle you don't really, really, like, when you could just as well have one you do like a lot.