Well, in my state, you can use deadly force if you're in
-imminent
-reasonable
-fear
-of death or serious bodily injury
-to yourself or another person
These vary slightly from state to state, so check your state's law - the specific wording. For example, some states don't allow you to use deadly force to protect someone else; some only yourself and kinship or spouse, and some only yourself. Also, most states (eastern states) require you to retreat first if possible before using deadly force. Other states (in the west mainly) do not have a duty to retreat before the use of deadly force. In any event, in most if not all states, the key factors will typically boil down to *reasonableness* and *imminence*. The reasonableness (of the fear of harm) is highly fact-dependent, and based on any and ALL facts and circumstances that one in your shoes might typically consider. The imminence had to do with how quickly or imminently is the wielded force being threatened against you?
-As for being justified in shooting his dog, yes, you would have been. The legal requirements for deadly force are vs. humans only, not property as animals are considered in the law's eyees, and shooting another's property to protect your own is *probably* going to be considered justified, *especially* considering the fact that said property has deadly jaws that could easily and quickly turn from your dog to YOU.
-As for you shooting him, the imminence and reasonableness inquiries are inextricably tied together. First note that most police and security training on the use of force & force continuum teaches that "contact weapons", in MOST circumstances, are considered to warrant the use of deadly force against them. "Contact weapons" are those things which the attacker must contact your body with, coupled with the force of his swing or thrust, in order to injure you. The include knives and other edged weapons, bricks, clubs, canes, etc. Depending on certain facts and circumstances, including the size of the contact weapon, the size and strength and apparent agility of the wielder, whether the contact is edged or blunt, and also depending on whether YOU yourself are armed or not, deadly force is usually but not always justified in confronting a wielder of a contact weapon. The reason you being armed or not matters is because, even if a contact weapon is a less-than-lethal weapon, such as a stun gun, if it incapacitates you, it still allows the attacker to then gain control of YOUR gun (or other deadly weapon) by incapacitating you temporarily; and of course with which he can then kill you. So you are actually sometimes MORE justified to USE deadly force when you yourself are armed with a deadly weapon. This only comes up though when attackers weapon is clearly non-deadly, such as a stun gun. It does not apply to other edged weapons or blunt weapons. He could EASILY have killed you with that cane for example, by 1st, incapacitating you with 1 or more blows, then continued beating you to death after unconsciousness. As to the imminence of the threat, said training usually teaches that a wielder of a contact weapon can "close" a distance of about 7 yards (21 feet) in 2 seconds, and that's about how much time one would need to take any useful defensive measure to employ the defensive weapon, such as a gun. For example, a well-trained gunny can fairly easily draw and "mozambique" someone (3 shots) in 2 seconds. However, this guy being fat and slow, the reasonableness and imminence would more likely rquire you to wait until he's just a few feet from you before using deadly force, coupled with clearly raising up the contact weapon in preparation for a blow, and angry or threatening facial expressions, gestures, and general demeanor. And 1 more thing....whether your state has a duty to retreat or not, retreating if possible is always a good idea because the extent to which you can retreat will always be factored into the reasonableness inquiry in a juror's mind, regardless of how he or she is instructed in what state law is.
P.S. I like Nader a lot. I don't like all of his ideas, but I like most of them. Glad to have a fellow "liberal" on board with gun rights issues - welcome.
P.P.S. My previous post on this topic makes no sense, as Blues Man split up the thread, and it was responsive to the other topic.