FBI Ammo Test....

Throughout HWFE Patrick says temporary cavity exists.yet in his summation he says it doesn't.he says fragmentation can occur even at hand gun velocities then picks a arbitrary number where he says it does occur.yet I show text from a gel test where heavy fragmentation occurs at less than 1200fps.here is the link to that

Kinetic energy does not wound. Temporary cavity does not
wound. The much discussed "shock" of bullet impact is a
fable and "knock down" power is a myth.

He never says it doesn't exist, mav. He says it doesn't wound! Again to the point of fragmentation, they said it doesn't RELIABLY occur at velocities less than 2000 fps. Both statements you made about HWFE are completely false. Both of those points were overt in the report. Try reading it a little more thoroughly.

I'm still reading through the link you provided, but I'll wait till I'm finished with it to post a reply to it.
 
from HWFE
All handgun wounds will combine the components of
penetration, permanent cavity, and temporary cavity to a
greater or lesser degree.
also from HWFE
Temporary cavity does not
wound.
again from HWFE
Fragmentation, on the other
hand, does not reliably occur in handgun wounds due to
the relatively low velocities of handgun bullets.
Fragmentation occurs reliably in high velocity
projectile wounds (impact velocity in excess of 2000
feet per second)
inflicted by soft or hollow point
bullets.

where is supporting evidence that supports 2000fps as the magic number that fragmentation occurs reliably.there isn't any therefore its an arbitrary number out of Mr Patrick's head.Just as I said
 
mavracer writes:

…you do realize Dr Fackler is a ME and does not have a Physics degree and has little balistic training.
Fackler is an MD. He is a life long hunter. If he’s ever needed physics expertise then he’s consulted with a qualified professional, such as Duncan MacPherson.

…yes and he also claimed he could tell by how the bullets hit the bodys which position the selector switch was in.
Where did you obtain this information from?

Just dont try to tell me temporary cavity does not wound…
Temporary cavity is indeed capable of producing permanent disruption beyond the tissue that is directly contacted and crushed by the penetrating bullet. There are various factors, which Fackler identifies in his writings, that influence the amount of tissue damaged by the temporary cavity.

…when you hunt with veterinarians field dressing turn into autopsys
Yet they’re probably unable to identify the wounding mechanisms that produced the observed wound.

Throughout HWFE Patrick says temporary cavity exists.yet in his summation he says it doesn't.
Where, in Patrick’s Conclusion does he state that temporary cavity doesn’t exist?

I suggest you study Patrick’s discussion of temporary cavity on pages 5 -7.


he says fragmentation can occur even at hand gun velocities then picks a arbitrary number where he says it does occur.
Where doe’s Patrick offer an arbitrary number in which fragmentation does not occur? Suggest you study page 5.

where is supporting evidence that supports 2000fps as the magic number that fragmentation occurs reliably.there isn't any therefore its an arbitrary number out of Mr Patrick's head.Just as I said
Suggest you study his footnoted reference.
 
Fackler is an MD.

oops, sorry I gave him too much credit.not sure how this helps you.
Where did you obtain this information from?
It's in his book.do you need me to find the page number.
Temporary cavity is indeed capable of producing permanent disruption beyond the tissue that is directly contacted and crushed by the penetrating bullet. There are various factors, which Fackler identifies in his writings, that influence the amount of tissue damaged by the temporary cavity.
that I'll buy
Where, in Patrick’s Conclusion does he state that temporary cavity doesn’t exist?
from the OP
"Kinetic energy does not wound. Temporary cavity does not wound. The much discussed "shock" of bullet impact is a fable and "knock down" power is a myth. The critical element is penetration. The bullet must pass through the large, blood bearing organs and be of sufficient diameter to promote rapid bleeding. Penetration less than 12 inches is too little, and, in the words of two of the participants in the 1987 Wound Ballistics Workshop, "too little penetration will get you killed." Given desirable and reliable penetration, the only way to increase bullet effectiveness is to increase the severity of the wound by increasing the size of hole made by the bullet. Any bullet which will not penetrate through vital organs from less than optimal angles is not acceptable. Of those that will penetrate, the edge is always with the bigger bullet." -Agent Urey Patrick of the FBI
and again in the post of mine you quoted out of.
also from HWFE

Quote:
Temporary cavity does not
wound.
and that I won't buy
Yet they’re probably unable to identify the wounding mechanisms that produced the observed wound.
Again I'm sorry lets see if you understand this way.the bullet never broke the membrain on the inside of the chest cavity therefor no direct contact with lungs. that would make damage to the lungs a effect of temporary cavity.
Suggest you study his footnoted reference.

OK so it was from a lecture in 82-83.wow if you listen to all lectures from then you must still think pluto is a planet.
come on guys I'm on your side I just don't belive the absolutes that temporary cavity does not wound.
 
Throughout HWFE Patrick says temporary cavity exists.yet in his summation he says it doesn't.

Do we agree that there is indeed a difference between a phenomenon occurring or existing and said phenomenon producing an effect? The existence was never questioned or denied, only its effect. You continue to misstate the quotes in the HWFE by saying Patrick claims temporary cavitation does not exist. Patrick never denies the existence of temporary cavitation. That is false, and yet you persist. Patrick says temporary cavitation does not wound, and in so doing makes the admission that it does exist. Patrick does not believe it (temporary cavitation) wounds. Do you get it yet?
 
Patrick does not believe it (temporary cavitation) wounds.
yes in summary he states
Temporary cavity does not wound.
but elsewhere he says
All handgun wounds will combine the components of
penetration, permanent cavity, and temporary cavity to a
greater or lesser degree.

so which is it it does not wound or is it a component of the wound.
I get it. I've seen it. it is a component of wounding even at handgun velocities.I love HWFE it's part of the reason we have all the good ammo today and Fackler's jello testing is great it shows how bullets work through barriers and such.But I also refuse to totally through Marshall's data out the window.and the strassberg tests are informative too.Micheal Courtney's work has some very interesting scientific and pysical data.
Me I'm more worried about what I can control (where the bullet hits and how fast it gets there) now I do follow the FBI 12" min rule and try to pick good SD ammo with that in mind.
Do you get it yet?
or are you still convinced that a 125 357mag thats going 1400fps expands to .600in and penatrates 14" is going to have the same effect as a 158 38 at 900fps that expands to the same .600in and penatrates to the same 14".
 
so which is it it does not wound or is it a component of the wound.
I get it. I've seen it. it is a component of wounding even at handgun velocities.I love HWFE it's part of the reason we have all the good ammo today and Fackler's jello testing is great it shows how bullets work through barriers and such.But I also refuse to totally through Marshall's data out the window.and the strassberg tests are informative too.Micheal Courtney's work has some very interesting scientific and pysical data.
Me I'm more worried about what I can control (where the bullet hits and how fast it gets there) now I do follow the FBI 12" min rule and try to pick good SD ammo with that in mind.
Do you get it yet?
or are you still convinced that a 125 357mag thats going 1400fps expands to .600in and penatrates 14" is going to have the same effect as a 158 38 at 900fps that expands to the same .600in and penatrates to the same 14".

I'm not arguing any of that with you. Do you understand that you made a misstatement in saying "Patrick says temporary cavity exists.yet in his summation he says it doesn't." Patrick never said it doesn't exist. He said it doesn't wound in summation which is not the same as not existing. You clearly don't comprehend what is being said or are choosing to be obtuse.
 
I'm not arguing any of that with you. Do you understand that you made a misstatement in saying "Patrick says temporary cavity exists.yet in his summation he says it doesn't." Patrick never said it doesn't exist. He said it doesn't wound in summation which is not the same as not existing. You clearly don't comprehend what is being said or are choosing to be obtuse.
sorry you want to argue details
he says in summation temporary cavity does not wound.therefore a wound from temporary cavity can not exist.although in the text of HWFE he clearly states that temporary cavity is a component of handgun wounds.
 
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I like the balistics test - I find it interesting and informative.

I think picking a good defensive handgun comes down to a couple of things / first and foremost does the gun fit your hand or is it too big or too samll. For me - there are a number of guns that are too small. But once you've identified what fits you - a double stack full size like a Sig 226 / a single stack gun like a Sig 239 / a 1911 platform - then you can pick a caliber.

Bigger guns fit my hands better / and at 6'5" and 290 lbs I have the upper body strength to shoot any caliber, within reason, that I want to. So pick a platform - in a 1911 I like a .45 acp ( but I also like it in 9mm and .40 ) / I like a Sig 226 and its capacity ( and its available in .357 sig, 9mm or .40 ) so I chose it in 9mm and one in .40 / sometimes I like a small gun, so I carry a smaller Sig 239 single stack ( with a 7 round mag in .40 ) and with the mag extension, it fits my hand ok.

I pick a platform, then I pick a caliber, then I put the best defensive round in it I can find ( and if you like a 9mm platform, shoot it well, loading it with something like a HydroShok is a very good option / if you like a .40 then go with a HydraShok as well, if you like a .357 sig , .45 acp - pick a HydraShok round as well ).....

Then practice with the gun, shoot it often .... and learn how to place your rounds with tactical effectiveness and tactical accuracy ( not bullseye match effectiveness ( hit the A zone on an IPSC target ) and you'll be fine, regardless of which caliber or which platform you pick .....the rest is academic / and a personal choice.

For the record:
my primary carry weapon is a Wilson Combat 1911 5", CQB in .45 acp

When it suits my mood:
Sig 226 in .40 with a 12 round mag

When I want something smaller:
Sig 239 single stack in .40 with a 7 round mag
 
OK, let me try to get all of this straight.

1.We can all agree that proper placement and adequate penetration are paramount. Yes?

2.We can all also agree that certain tissues in the body (liver, nervous tissue, lung tissue, etc.) are delicate enough to be damaged by a temporary stretch cavities that are achieved by handguns but that other tissues are not. Yes?

3.And we can all agree that because not all body tissues cannot be damaged by temporary stretch cavities that can be caused by handguns, they should not be solely relied upon for self-defense. Yes?

Ok then, the answer seems pretty simple to me, given proper placement and adequate penetration, the more energy and therefore larger temporary cavity the better because you may manage to destroy some of the delicate tissue mentioned in point number 2. Can we all agree upon this?
 
APONE,
Sorry for the childish comment.didn't mean to side track the discussion.

In his HWFE summary Patrick states.Temporary cavity does not wound.
an absolute statement I clearly understand from this statement that He belives that in your own words the phenomenon does not produce an effect.

however earlier in HWFE he states All handgun wounds will combine the components of penetration, permanent cavity, and temporary cavity to a
greater or lesser degree.
in this statement it is clear to me that he is stating that temporary cavity is a component of said phenomenon.

Ok then, the answer seems pretty simple to me, given proper placement and adequate penetration, the more energy and therefore larger temporary cavity the better because you may manage to destroy some of the delicate tissue mentioned in point number 2.
I would agree that that is extremely accurate.except "temporary cavity does not wound":p
 
OK, let me try to get all of this straight.

1.We can all agree that proper placement and adequate penetration are paramount. Yes?

2.We can all also agree that certain tissues in the body (liver, nervous tissue, lung tissue, etc.) are delicate enough to be damaged by a temporary stretch cavities that are achieved by handguns but that other tissues are not. Yes?

3.And we can all agree that because not all body tissues cannot be damaged by temporary stretch cavities that can be caused by handguns, they should not be solely relied upon for self-defense. Yes?

Ok then, the answer seems pretty simple to me, given proper placement and adequate penetration, the more energy and therefore larger temporary cavity the better because you may manage to destroy some of the delicate tissue mentioned in point number 2. Can we all agree upon this?
No. Dr Fackler has shown that postulate #2 is at best a hope. That a temporary stretch cavity is just that - temporary. And that generally speaking organs have enough elasticity to survive the temporary cavity created by projectiles moving at handgun velocities. Quite likely long enough for them to do you great harm, and possibly allow them to lead a long life.

Therefore the goals should be placement, penetration, and the diameter of the permanent cavity. If you want to hope and prey for tissue disruption from the temporary cavity I'll wish you well but I'll count on the 3 basics. To me first two as equally important. Placement without sufficient penetration will not stop an attacker, and neither will a poorly placed shot with awe inspiring penetration.

  • Placement
  • Penetration
  • Diameter of the permanent cavity
 
No. Dr Fackler has shown that postulate #2 is at best a hope. That a temporary stretch cavity is just that - temporary. And that generally speaking organs have enough elasticity to survive the temporary cavity created by projectiles moving at handgun velocities. Quite likely long enough for them to do you great harm, and possibly allow them to lead a long life.

Right and in postulate #3, I specifically stated this

3.And we can all agree that because not all body tissues cannot be damaged by temporary stretch cavities that can be caused by handguns, they should not be solely relied upon for self-defense. Yes?

Also, pay particular attention to the bold words in the final point. All else held equal a larger stretch cavity is better or at the very least doesn't hurt anything.

Also, a note about Dr. Fackler. If memory serves, the majority of his study was based upon shooting ballistic gelatin and cadavers. Both of these materials behave quite differently from living tissue. The fact is that the temporary stretch cavity does cause tissue destruction to differing degrees depending on the tissue. Evidence of this can be seen by examining a game animal that has been shot by a hunter. There will typically be a bruised area around the bullet hole. A bruise is caused by rupturing small blood vessels and causing subcutaneous bleeding. One will notice that the bruise is significantly larger in diameter than the bullet hole, so something besides the bullet must have caused it. Dr. Fackler is partially correct in that the temporary stretch cavity does not cause significant damage to certain tissues such as muscle or bone. It can, however, cause significant damage to the more fragile tissues like lung, liver and nervous tissue.

Therefore the goals should be placement, penetration, and the diameter of the permanent cavity. If you want to hope and prey for tissue disruption from the temporary cavity I'll wish you well but I'll count on the 3 basics. To me first two as equally important. Placement without sufficient penetration will not stop an attacker, and neither will a poorly placed shot with awe inspiring penetration.

Placement
Penetration
Diameter of the permanent cavity

I've always found it hard to believe that the minute difference in dameter between the so-called "major calibers" (i.e. .38 Special/9mm and up) could cause sidnificant tissue damage and seems more like a justification for those who favor bigbores. For example if we look at the Brassfetcher tests, we see a Federal Hydrashok 230grn JHP that penetrated 13.3" and expanded to 0.711". That give us a total of approximately 5.3 cubic inches of destroyed gelatin. By contrast, a 9mm 147grn Hydra-Shok penetrated 14" and opened to .588" for a total of approx. 3.8 cubic inches of gelatin. That's only a 1.5 cubic inch difference which would shrink if penetration was shallower for both (most people aren't 13" thick in the upper torso). What is really interesting is that a 125grn .357 Magnum Speer Gold Dot penetrated 16" and expande to .651" to give us the same approximate tissue damage as the .45.

http://www.brassfetcher.com/Various%20.45ACP%20JHPs%20(test%201).html
http://www.brassfetcher.com/var919mm.html
http://www.brassfetcher.com/Speer%20125%20grain%20Gold%20Dot%20hollowpoint.html
 
This has all been facinating reading, and for once I'm not involved in the argument. All I'll say is science aside, when it comes to handguns, I don't want to get hit by a bullet from any of them. :D
 
Also, pay particular attention to the bold words in the final point. All else held equal a larger stretch cavity is better or at the very least doesn't hurt anything.
That I can buy into. BTW if you want to look at your point even further you might want to read Doc Roberts' discussion on the effects of various rifle caliber ammunition.

Also, a note about Dr. Fackler. If memory serves, the majority of his study was based upon shooting ballistic gelatin and cadavers.
In his role as the head of the army's wound ballistic laboratory, Dr Fackler developed the techniques used to model the effects on human flesh using gelatin. Essentially writing the book on the subject. Those techniques have been have been accepted by the vast majority of professionals studying the effects of bullets on living human bodies. While I fully respect your level of knowledge and your opinions, I hope you understand if I follow the advice of the men that have made their livings running these tests for the DOJ and DOD. No slight to you intended.

I've always found it hard to believe that the minute difference in dameter between the so-called "major calibers"
I won't argue this point. Doc Roberts has often made the point that you should choose a proven round, in a caliber that you feel comfortable with (9mm and above), and fire it from a 4" or longer barrel in order to achieve sufficient velocity. I just choose to believe in bigger and deeper is gooder theory. ;)

Keeping things apples to apples I'll paraphrase Shooting The Messenger's numbers for penetration and expansion...
Bare Gelo:
Federal HST 45 ACP... 230 gr... 12.75”... 1.043”
Federal HST 40 S&W.. 180 gr... 11.5”.... 0.945”
Federal HST 9mm...... 147 gr... 11.5”.... 0.891”
Federal HST 9mm...... 124 gr... 11.75”... 0.839

Heavy Clothing:
Federal HST 45 ACP 230 gr... 14.0”.... 0.850”
Federal HST 40 S&W 180 gr... 13.0”.... 0.788”
Federal HST 9mm..... 147 gr... 13.75”... 0.689”
Federal HST 9mm..... 124 gr... 12.0”.... 0.709”
 
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Apone,

I've read the report in its entirety several times, I've even quoted from it extensively on this forum. ;)

Mr. Urey overstates his case when he states categorically that temporary cavity does not wound. It clearly DOES wound in some cases, as when the liver or another inelastic organ (the liver & brain are not the only exceptions, just the two most notable) is damaged by temporary stretch.

Temporary cavity is generally not a reliable wounding factor when dealing with service pistol calibers, but that is not the same thing as saying it does not wound. It does wound, it's just not something you can count on when dealing with typical service pistol/typical self-defense handgun calibers.

He would be correct to downplay temporary cavity, but when he completely dismisses it as a factor--it "does not wound"--he goes beyond what the facts will support.
 
In his role as the head of the army's wound ballistic laboratory, Dr Fackler developed the techniques used to model the effects on human flesh using gelatin. Essentially writing the book on the subject. Those techniques have been have been accepted by the vast majority of professionals studying the effects of bullets on living human bodies.
Not to throw a big wrenchinto the whole mess, but I always think it worth pointing out when this stuff comes up that there are a number researchers who disagree with Fackler, even to the extent they feel his formulation of ballistic gel is incorrect. A number of folks that are well respected in their field, particularly in Europe, use different formulae and have come to different conclusions. Not taking sides with either camp here (I think they are both fairly irrelevant to self defense DGU with a handgun) but it is a lot like global warming...some try to present it as a very one-sided, all are in agreement concept, but in reality there is a fairly good body of knowledge in opposition.
 
The fact of the matter is that ballistic gelatin and cadavers do not behave like living human tissue. Microscopic tissue destruction such as the rupturing of cappillaries cannot be observed in this medium. Ballistic gelatin is useful to test the dependability of a bullet's penetration and reliability of its expansion, but that's about it. Unfortunately, as the errors in the Marshall/Sanow studies illustrate, there is no ethical and scientific way to measure a handgun's effectiveness on living human tissue. There is, however, enough evidence of the effects of kinetic energy to prevent it from being completely discounted.
 
Mavracer writes:

Again I'm sorry lets see if you understand this way.the bullet never broke the membrain on the inside of the chest cavity therefor no direct contact with lungs. that would make damage to the lungs a effect of temporary cavity.
Yet tissues immediately surrounding the wound track, skin and subcutaneous tissues, were undamaged? Lung tissue is perhaps the most resilient. So the fact the temporary cavity did not fracture rib bones or produce splits and fissures in skin and subcutaneous tissue makes your claim suspect. I’m not calling you a liar – but something was overlooked during necropsy.

Webleymkv writes:
Dr. Fackler is partially correct in that the temporary stretch cavity does not cause significant damage to certain tissues such as muscle or bone. It can, however, cause significant damage to the more fragile tissues like lung, liver and nervous tissue.
Fackler describes lung tissue as very resilient and able to withstand temporary cavity. The fact that lung tissue is less dense (gas filled) than other tissues means temporary cavity is smaller in diameter in lung tissue.

Nerve tissue is also very resilient and resists damage from temporary cavitation fairly well. Temporary cavity can, however, temporarily disrupt synapses (nerve transmission connections) and cause them to stop working or to perform less efficiently.

Fragile soft tissues include brain, liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen.
 
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