When I was a teen, deer hunting I had an M1 Carbine while my dad carried a .270. Although I came close (very), "forunately" I never shot a deer. I say that since, in the intervening years, I've come to know better--educated both from an "ethical"/clean kill and hunting success perspective--and very much agree with the "bring enough gun" folks. I graduated to .30-30 (you can insert a proper, heavy .357 for 125 and under) and for the 150 and under and brushy stuff have stayed there. with the likes of .243, .257, 7mm-08, .270 and.30-06 for the longer ranges.
I am a major M1 Carbine fan, and it's right up there as a top choice for close-in/urban HD, a really decent varmint/pest controller, a decent camp gun in non-bear country, and a not bad--but not ideal--choice for a survival scenario gun (depending on the quarry). But it's no deer gun, as in consistent, clean kills. All that said, despite its lighter bullet and smaller caliber, I'd also pick the .30 carbine far and away for deer--energy wise--versus a 9mm carbine...IF I had to. I hope I never "have" to.
I know several--and have read here--people who have taken deer with the M1C, as well as .223. Tales of .22LR kills abound. Doesn't mean it's "right"--if you have a choice. Most of us have a choice. Of course it's possible, even "possibly likely" (with the centerfires mentioned) with an ideal combination optimal (short) range and shot placement, but I don't agree that either choice--emphasis on "choice"--is an "ethical" one. If you have the wherewithal for a deer tag and all the other "stuff" of a hunt, and the time to scout and prep for a hunt, you have the "resources" to buy a used .30-30, .243 or better--or borrow one.