.40S&W Why the haters?

I'll throw my two cents into this train wreck of a thread. My only submission will be the FBI's own statistics for "Officers Killed by Caliber". The data provided will not show that one caliber is more effective than another (it better shows the popularity of a given caliber.), but it will show that most modern calibers are real man stoppers... Even the .40 caliber.

http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/killed/2004/table34.htm

Just a few "one-shot stops" on police officers by .40 caliber handguns as listed in the FBI files... RIP brothers.

Louisiana
At 8:37 p.m. on March 1, a sergeant with the Assumption Parish Sheriff’s Office was shot during a drug-related special assignment in Napoleonville. The 31-year-old sergeant, who had 8 years of law enforcement experience, was working with other agents assigned to the Assumption Parish Narcotics Task Force. The officers were conducting surveillance in high drug traffic areas in order to locate individuals who were wanted for felony warrants associated with undercover drug operations. The officers approached a vehicle that was illegally parked in the roadway, and the driver put the car into reverse and accelerated in an effort to elude the approaching officers. A chase ensued, and soon after, the driver crashed the vehicle into a ditch. As officers attempted to arrest the driver, he struggled with them and tried to take one of the officer’s firearms, a .40-caliber semiautomatic handgun. The weapon discharged and fatally struck the victim sergeant, who was assisting with the arrest, in the front upper chest just above his body armor. The victim sergeant was taken to a local hospital where he later was pronounced dead. The 22-year-old offender, a known drug dealer with a prior criminal record who was under the influence of narcotics at the time of the incident, was immediately taken into custody and charged with First-Degree Murder of a Police Officer, Aggravated Flight from an Officer, Resisting an Officer, and Possession with Intent to Distribute Crack/Cocaine.

New York
A 30-year-old patrol officer with the New Hartford Police Department was shot and killed at 8:20 p.m. on February 27 while pursuing suspects in a robbery at a local jewelry store. At 8:17 p.m., the Oneida County 911 Center received a silent alarm from the jewelry store and dispatched officers to the scene. At least two individuals, and possibly as many as four individuals, had entered the store brandishing weapons and had handcuffed the store’s employees. The robbers disabled the store’s video surveillance system and stole watches, loose diamonds, and diamond rings. Though police units arrived at the scene within minutes, the robbers fled from the store, and a high speed car chase ensued. The chase ended in Kirkland where the driver of the getaway car attempted to turn into a parking lot of a market, but crashed the car into gasoline pumps in front of the store. When two men exited the vehicle, officers subdued one of them. However, the other man fled toward a wooded area at the edge of the parking lot. When the man entered the tree line, he turned and fired one shot with a .40-caliber semiautomatic handgun at the pursuing officer, fatally striking him in the upper chest. The victim officer, who had 6 years of law enforcement experience, was transported to a local hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Canine units dispatched to find the shooting suspect led police to a business in Kirkland where the suspect had carjacked a tow truck. The suspect forced the tow truck driver at gunpoint to drive him to Pennsylvania, gave the tow truck driver $100, and released him. The next day, the U.S. Marshals Service obtained a warrant for the shooting suspect citing the charge of Unlawful Flight to Avoid Prosecution. Law enforcement personnel tracked the 36-year-old man to a house in Chester, Pennsylvania. When a U.S. Marshals Service Task Force tried to enter the house, the suspect exited the front door and fired at the entry team with a handgun. The entry team returned fire and killed the offender, who had a prior criminal record that included convictions for murder, drugs, and weapons violations. The offender, along with the other individuals involved in the jewelry heist in New Hartford, were thought to have been involved in other jewelry robberies in the Northeast.

Virginia
A 40-year-old corporal from the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office was murdered in Blacksburg shortly after 7 a.m. on August 21 while attempting to locate an escaped murder suspect. The corporal, who had 14 years of law enforcement experience and was a member of the sheriff’s office bike patrol, responded to a report that the murder suspect had been spotted along a local bicycle trail. The previous day, the suspect had been transported to a hospital from the Montgomery County Jail where he was awaiting trial for armed robbery. At the hospital, the man overpowered a corrections officer and took his service weapon, a .40-caliber semiautomatic handgun. The suspect shot and killed a hospital security guard with the corrections officer’s weapon and fled the scene. On August 21, a civilian reported seeing the suspect along the bicycle trail. When the corporal arrived in the area, he radioed dispatch and confirmed seeing the suspect, who had left the trail and gone into the yard of a residence. The corporal, who was wearing body armor, also exited the trail into the yard, but he did not find the man. He reentered the trail and was pushing his bicycle up a steep path when he encountered the suspect. The suspect fired twice at the corporal with the stolen service weapon, striking the corporal once, fatally in the back of his head. The suspect then fled the area, and an extensive manhunt began. The 24-year-old alleged shooter, who had a prior criminal record including violent crime and weapons violations, was located later that day and surrendered without incident. He was arrested and charged with Capital Murder, Assault and Battery , Use and Display of Firearms in the Commission of a Crime, and Escape with Force.

It is sad that people have to display such ignorance in these silly caliber arguments by saying this or that caliber is ineffective. The .380ACP, .38 Special, 9mm, .357 Sig, .357 Magnum, .40 S&W, 10mm, .45 ACP etc, etc... They are all fully capable of the fabled "One-Shot Stop".
 
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The .40 has 46% greater case volume than the 9mm, and the .45 has 29% more case volume than the .40. I have to think that the extra capacity for powder (and bullet back-ends) would count for something in stopping power, no matter how it is measured or how stochastic the effects may be.

Unfortunately, case capacity doesn't really mean much. What matters is not only the volume of gas but the pressure of the gas. .45 ACP is a low pressure round. If you loaded it to full capacity with a fast powder, the gun would blow up. The .40 S&W, however, can be loaded to a much high pressure. Where this come out as stopping power is another issue, but case capacity is really not that important. It's powder burning speed + amount of powder.

And as for this:

I don't know why the .40 is so innefective. I just know it is.
Maybe the snappy recoil and muzzle blast keep people from having good shot placement.

This says nothing about the round, it speaks strictly to the user. You can't blame your wrench for not fixing your sink. That's all you....
 
Despite the fact that I enjoyed shooting my XD-40 4-incher, I sold it -- to buy a new XDm-9 ... my reasons -- cut one round out of my collection and added another 9mm to my Kahr PM9. My feeling is that either the 9mm or .45 ACP -- I have two of each -- can do anything the .40 can, and I don't have to carry another round in my ammo locker. If ammo was still as cheap as when I bought the .40, I'd probably still have it. But it's so hard to find and so pricy, I'd rather spend my money on ammo for guns I carry .. .38, .45 and 9mm ... MHO ...
 
Unfortunately, case capacity doesn't really mean much. What matters is not only the volume of gas but the pressure of the gas. .45 ACP is a low pressure round. If you loaded it to full capacity with a fast powder, the gun would blow up. The .40 S&W, however, can be loaded to a much high pressure. Where this come out as stopping power is another issue, but case capacity is really not that important. It's powder burning speed + amount of powder.
This is a thread about the denigration of the .40 S&W. I was posting in "defense" of the .40, as if it really needed any. Its SAAMI max pressure is the same as for standard 9mm, but the 9mm has +P at 10% higher pressure.

Not that I particularly want to write about the .45, but: while pressure is certainly important, so is also the length over which it's maintained. It's the total acceleration integrated over the length of the barrel that counts. The 9mm curve of pressure vs. bullet travel within the barrel at http://www.saysuncle.com/archives/2006/08/30/9mm_performance_with_barrel_length/ shows that the pressure drops from 35,000 psi to about 22,000 psi in the first inch of bullet travel, and it's below 15,000 psi at two inches. There is no requirement that the .45 burn all its powder inside the case. A slower-burning powder that can maintain the peak 22,000 psi over a longer distance will use up the available energy. It just will require a longer barrel.

I have looked around at retailers' sites, trying to find same-manufacturer and same-bullet-mass velocity/energy figures, to get a real-world comparison. But, of course, they don't come equal-mass. This is what I found, and it's just indicative. All I'm trying to point out is that when bullet mass is about the same (147gr 9mm vs. 155gr .40, or 180gr .40 vs. 185gr. .45), the bigger case exhibits more power.

Mfr caliber grains V(ft/sec) E(ft-lbs)
-------------------------------------------
Fiocchi 9mm 147 1050 360
Fiocchi .40s&w 155 1180 480
Fiocchi .45acp 185 1490 912 (I don't believe this)

BBore 9mm 147 1175 451
BBore .40s&w 155 1300 582
BBore .45acp 185 1150 543

DTap 9mm 147 1120 410 (G19 4" bbl)
DTap 9mm 147 1135 421 (G17 4.5" bbl)
DTap .40s&w 135 1375 567 (G23 4" bbl)
DTap .40s&w 135 1420 605 (G22 4.5" bbl)
DTap .40s&w 180 1100 484 (G23 4" bbl)
DTap .45acp 185 1225 616 (1911 5" bbl)
 
You are absolutely right, a slow burning powder will produce a higher muzzle energy (with more powder) because you produce more gas. But it happens to be at less pressure. There are a lot of variables in play but case capacity is just a small piece. You are missing a critical component and that is cross sectional diameter and mass. Although physical cross section never gets accounted for in the math, ME is a calculation that accounts for velocity and mass, it has nothing to do with case volume.

So in your table, the ME values are larger for the bullets that have larger mass, not because of the case volume. Case volume is largely immaterial beyond the limited volume behind the bullet, the less of which increases pressure.
 
You are absolutely right, a slow burning powder will produce a higher muzzle energy (with more powder) because you produce more gas. But it happens to be at less pressure. There are a lot of variables in play but case capacity is just a small piece. You are missing a critical component and that is cross sectional diameter and mass. Although physical cross section never gets accounted for in the math, ME is a calculation that accounts for velocity and mass, it has nothing to do with case volume.

So in your table, the ME values are larger for the bullets that have larger mass, not because of the case volume. Case volume is largely immaterial beyond the limited volume behind the bullet, the less of which increases pressure.
In real life, ME goes down as bullet mass rises. I'm still trying to puzzle out why. The usual facile explanation is that it's because kinetic energy rises with v^2, and so favors lighter bullets. But all of that energy comes from the powder, and the amount of powder available is constrained by the case volume. Maybe a bigger bullet takes up more of the case (since the LOA is constrained)?

The force accelerating the bullet is its base area times the pressure. So if we managed to put equal-mass bullets into each, the .45 at 22,000 psi would apply the same accelerating force to the bullet as a .40 operating at 28,000 psi, or a 9mm at 35400 psi. There must be different amounts of barrel drag, though.
 
In real life, ME goes down as bullet mass rises.

No, it does not. If velocity is constant, and bullet mass increases, ME goes up. Otherwise we'd all be shooting .32 ACP.

DTap .40s&w 135 1375 567 (G23 4" bbl)
DTap .40s&w 180 1100 484 (G23 4" bbl)

In the above example you posted, ME goes down not because mass goes up, but because velocity is going down. If you pushed that 180 grain bullet at 1375 fps, it would have a higher ME than the 135 grain being pushed at the same speed.

BUT you probably can't push the 180 grain that fast because it occupies more case volume (the one time this matters) and that increases pressure in the cartridge. If you fill to much of the case with bullet, the pressure will rise so dramatically the gun will blow up. So you need to back off the powder and this will reduce speed but maintain the appropriate SAAMI pressure.

This is what happens in the real world.

Now this all just academic, however, because knockdown power is only partly related to ME. A very small bullet moving extremely fast will have the same ME as a large slow moving bullet, but the large slow moving bullet will have more knockdown power. Assuming ME is equal. There is no good math that I am aware to demonstrate this fact but anyone who hunts regularly with a variety of calibers can testify to it.

The other issue is that the ME equation is heavily weighted toward velocity, not mass. So a little bump in velocity makes a big difference in ME, but the same cannot be said for mass. There is also very little weight attributed to diameter in the equation, which also makes it a problematic way to quantify knockdown.

Frankly, I have very little use for ME data. It is a guideline but it only tells a partial story. This becomes even more pronounced when you try to compare pistol bullets to rifle bullets or a lead bullet to a FMJ to a HP.
 
No, it does not. If velocity is constant, and bullet mass increases, ME goes up. Otherwise we'd all be shooting .32 ACP.
Yes, of course, if you hold velocity constant. I had in mind the fact that across a given line of cartridges, velocity goes down as bullet mass rises.

If you fill to much of the case with bullet, the pressure will rise so dramatically the gun will blow up. So you need to back off the powder and this will reduce speed but maintain the appropriate SAAMI pressure.
OK, finally the explanation that I have been looking for. The reduced KE of the heavier bullet stems from the necessary reduction in powder load.

I thank you for the rest of your comments, too.
 
I have 9mm, 10mm, 40 S&W, and 45 guns. I like them all! It always amazes me how folks can bash other cartidges. If you like it, great! The first job I had was working in a slaughterhouse. All of the pigs and cows were put down with a single shot from a .22. Later, when I worked in law enforcement I saw all sorts of crazy things. I remember being on scene where a guy shot himself in the head with a 45 with the famed cop killer 'Black Talon' bullet. The bullet went completely through his head and lodged in the ceiling and showed absolutely no signs of expansion. Would a .22 have killed him as easily. Yes. Would I rather carry a .22 than a .40 for a duty weapon? No way.
 
Who said anything about hating .40 S&W? I don't hate it. I just don't have any use for the caliber. It just isn't my cup of tea.

I find that in the "war" between smaller&faster and bigger&slower it kinda straddles the fence. Thus, it kinda does both, sorta. I, however, would really rather do one or the other well.
 
I have 9mm, 10mm, 40 S&W, and 45 guns. I like them all!....

Now there you go, clouding the issue with logic- not to mention experience. You're going to ruin this argument if you keep that up ;)
 
Here's another vote for the .40S&W.
If I had the choice of just one caliber, I prefer the venerable .45ACP. However, I do own .40's (Glock 23 & Sig 226) and really like them both.
Here's something else interesting....of the .9mm, the .40 and the .45, most U.S. police departments now carry the .40 cal. That many means the caliber must be doing some good things in combat.
I certainly don't feel 'under-gunned" when carrying a .40.

As a sidenote, about the only caliber that I would say I dislike very strongly is the .25ACP. I can't find it in my heart to "hate" any caliber. :)
 
i dont mind the haters. because that means i can usually walk into walmart and see boxes of .40 cal for me to scoop up.
 
"Haven't you heard yet that 40 S&W, unlike 45 from a 1911, bounces right off people?"

And, of course, a 9mm actually HEALS people who are shot with it.

Man, I think I just broke my ankle!

Here, let me shoot you with my 9...

BLAM!

Ah, thanks! That feels a lot better! I can walk!
 
The 45 acp has no advantage over the 40 s/w. You have to be just as accurate with either caliber to put someone down. Neither caliber has the power to throw someone to the ground by momentum, they can only do it by hitting certain parts of the body. They both have the same advantage over 9mm, in that they are heavy enough to hit through bones without getting deflected. Doesnt mean 9mm is weak either, i carry a 9mm because its small. My pf-9 is much easier to carry than my 1911 or my taurus. For a home invasion if i had to use one of my pistols to protect my family, i'd use the taurus .40 over the 45 or 9mm. 15 rounds of 165 grain gold dots beats the heck out of 7 rounds of 45 or 9mm. Even round per round, its at least tied for the best of the 3.
 
I have a M&P .40 and I refer to it as my Cadillac gun. LOL (ok, I'm a cheapskate) However, I conceal carry so it's not very practical to carry unless I'm out in the country. We've got a mountain lion out on my farm *somewhere* (been sighted, but not confirmed) and I wear the MP40 on my thigh at all times when we're out there camping. (with three spare mags full on the other hip)

The .40 cal seems a bit easier to get a hold of here in OKC, but then again so is everything else. For CC I prefer my keltec .380 p3at. Its more comfortable and easier to shoot than my keltec PF9. I prefer my PF9 over my 2 shot .9mm derringer for obvious reasons, and when I'm in my shorts or sweats I like my .22mag 5shot NAA derringer. For target practice my Browning Buck mark .22 is hard to beat.

In short, THEY'RE ALL GOOD!!! My son's favorite is my SW mod.19 357mag. Easy to shoot, easy to hit the target. Especially when using .38cal in it.

But my fav has to be the fortay!
 
Was shooting some Hornady JHP 180 grain out of a Smith wesson 4046. Dug one of the rounds out of the loose cinder like back stop. Final diameter was the size of a nickle. The bullet had retained all of it's mass. Looking at it made me think how un fun it would be to have something that large plowing through my body.
 
Well darn

I thought I would at least see a couple of pictures of some .40, these mythical firearms that are better than 9s and 45s, can't stop criminals, and fly out of your hand because of the recoil and loud noise.:rolleyes:

I don't own a .40, however, it seems to me that a trained shooter, well placed bullet, and good fortune would tend to do the trick most of the time regardless of the caliber.

Now where is that .308/30.06 thread I was looking for?:D
 
My thoughts

I think it is all about comfort at the range. I am pretty accurate with a 9 a 40 and a 45 but I am most comfortable shooting a 45. I think the 40 is way to snappy for my taste and it makes me less comfortable when shooting for an extended time at the range therefore I practice less and am less prepared God forbid I ever have to use it. I think that high pressure "Snappy" recoil is what turns off most of the 40 haters.
 
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