I won't disagree with the logic. In fact that is the decision I made in 1975 and hunted with the same 30-06 rifle almost exclusively for most of the next 40 years. But as much as I like the round, I'd advise younger shooters to make a different choice today for a variety of reasons.
Back in the day most shooters were primarily hunters and the trend was to only have one rifle. Going to a range and shooting lots of rounds down range just wasn't something most shooters did. A couple of boxes a year was typical. And no one limits themselves to one rifle any more.
Today most shooters are primarily shooters at the range; many never hunt but even for those who do hunting is secondary. For firing hundreds or even thousands of rounds down range each year there are better options that cost a lot less to feed and don't recoil nearly as much.
The advancements in powder, bullets, optics, etc. have made all cartridges far more capable. In the 21st century the 30-06 is best used on game like large Alaskan bear, moose or elk. If that were the primary game hunted then a 30-06 would still be a top pick. But the fact is that most hunters NEVER hunt any of those game animals.
There are several options today that cost less to shoot, recoil less, and are much better suited for the game most of us actually hunt. And for that occasional chance on larger game they would be at least as effective as 30-06 loads from years ago. The best 308 loads beat WW-2 era 30-06 loads by at least 100 fps.
With todays bullets and loads there is nothing I'd hunt with a 30-06 that I'd not also hunt with any of the 6.5's, a 7-08, or 308. And there are only a handful I'd not hunt with a 243.