The 9mm vs 45 ACP Debate: A Visual Aid...

Since we are making an argument that expanded bullet diameter differences are insignificant and penetration is key what about with FMJ rounds?
"We" are not making an "argument". The foremost authority on the subject is the FBI, and they came to the conclusion that, in terms of terminal ballistics only (penetration and expanded diameter), differences among the service calibers with premium grade defensive ammunition with JHP bullets are not very significant.

They then made their recommendation on the basis of other factors.

What finally occurred to me: the arguments for 9MM are based on time of aimed fire - time differences that are measured in small fractions of a second.
Yes indeed.

The poster in Post #113 relates that with his 9MM Glock 19C, his time between shots averages 0.19 seconds; with his Glock in .357 SIG, he achieves .25 second times.

Those are on stationary targets at a range, and times will vary among people and from one incident to the next. But let's consider them, just for purposes of illustration.

If those first shots fail to meet their intended purpose, an average attacker could reasonably be expected to cover an additional distance of about one foot between each shot with the slower forearm.

Can you accept that in a violent critical incident when an attacker is, already say, ten or twelve feet away?

Sometimes, perhaps. Other times, perhaps not.

While I was shooting I noted I fired three shots and assessed the targets. I don't mean that I figured I was done it means I took a second to intentionally assess my shots and reaffirm my target (and in practice a clear shooting area, the area behind the target, and those things you are supposed to always be aware of). Is this the best thing to do? Probably not.

No, probably not.

Unless your first three shots resulted in the stopping of an attacker, that second during which you "assess the target" could turn out to be a lifetime--literally.

An attacker could cover five meters in that interval.

The number of shots I am going to put in the circle in a reasonable amount of time (I have never used a shot timer) is three. Then pause. Then three more. Unless we are talking some big bore revolver with extreme recoil three is the magic number for me.
Might I respectfully suggest that you avail your self of some quality high performance defensive pistol training?
 
The foremost authority on the subject is the FBI

So the discussion is closed and we should all be shooting Glock 9MMs?

An attacker could cover five meters in that interval.

A truth I am aware of. However I am not, and likely never will be, good enough to deal with multiple determined and competent attackers. I hope I am able to deal with one competent and determined attacker. Actually I hope never to put that to test.

Might I respectfully suggest that you avail your self of some quality high performance defensive pistol training?

You can but when we are having these discussions I think its important to note I am more like most concealed carry license holders than those who have advanced training
 
However I am not, and likely never will be, good enough to deal with multiple determined and competent attackers. I hope I am able to deal with one competent and determined attacker. Actually I hope never to put that to test.
The few data points that have been discussed here in the past tell us that, in the unlikely event that one is attacked, there is as high a likelihood as not that there will be two or more assailants.

But yes, we do hope that we will be able to survive the incident.

...when we are having these discussions I think its important to note I am more like most concealed carry license holders than those who have advanced training.
That's something that can be remedied.

I can say from experience that learning to draw while moving if ambushed and to shoot rapidly at a target at close range is a real eye-opener for those who have spent time shooting at a target in front of them at a square range at a measured rate of fire.
 
I can say from experience that learning to draw while moving

This is one of those things that always surprises me. While I acknowledge openly that I am light on training and skill compared to some members of this forum I simply cannot fathom the amount of people who have not practiced this at some point.

I actually had a certified instructor of a paper tiger CCW class (I'm certain minimally certified) explain that if one could not move into a Weaver stance with both hands on the pistol to face an attacker that one should not draw his or her firearm.
 
A difference of .1 second split time (objective) may not reflect the subjective difference of effort required on the part of the shooter.

In another shooting session my times were (both 1st & 2nd shot must hit 6'' circle at 6-7 yards for the pair to be averaged).
Glock 19C: .18 sec (Golden Saber 124 +P)
Glock 19: .28 sec (Golden saber 124 +p)
Glock 32: .28 sec (Gold Dot 125)
Glock 23: .32 sec (HST 180 gr.)

The difference in the non-ported 19 and 23 of just .04 does not accurately reflect my perception that it takes more effort on my part to get that time with the 23.

This video shows a 12 degree increase in muzzle flip going from 19 to 23, seeing a 12 degree increase in muzzle flip reflects better (than .04 sec) that it takes more effort on my part to shoot the 23 quickly.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AthUSY_nMtQ
 
This video shows a 12 degree increase in muzzle flip going from 19 to 23, seeing a 12 degree increase in muzzle flip reflects better (than .04 sec) that it takes more effort on my part to shoot the 23 quickly.

Yeah that 40 about jumps out of his hand almost like he's holding it real loose:rolleyes:

One thing it does show is how poorly a Glock 23 is as a 40 since it uses a 9mm slide and spring so that it will function with 9mm no wonder the 23 batters you with that kind of slide velocity, you really owe it to yourself to shoot a 40 that's designed to be a 40.
 
Ok so now we're worried about a little bit bigger expansion, I thought a little more expansion was insignificant and that recoil and penatration were the key.
I don't know how you got that out of my post given that it was about the failure of the .380ACP to meet the commonly accepted penetration threshold with self-defense ammunition.

For what it's worth, since the vast majority of handgun "incapacitations" happen because the person who is shot voluntarily gives up (psychological incapacitation, not physical incapacitation) I would expect the .380ACP to provide very similar real-world results to the 9mm and, indeed, the rest of the service pistol calibers. Greg Ellifritz's data bear that out. In his analysis of real-world shooting. the .380ACP compared very well with .45ACP in nearly every category.

Of course, that doesn't tell the whole story. There is a difference and that difference comes into play when one needs the penetration that the FBI states is the minimum acceptable amount. That doesn't happen very often in the real world but it does happen and when it does, the .380ACP can't reliably deliver.
Does this hold true if we are discussing full "duty" size handguns and barrels or is it primarily a concern out of pocket pistols? Since we are making an argument that expanded bullet diameter differences are insignificant and penetration is key what about with FMJ rounds?
All of this is predicated on a discussion about typical self-defense ammunition--in other words, expanding ammunition.

There does seem to be consensus that FMJ/non-expanding ammunition doesn't provide incapacitation results comparable to expanding ammunition. My personal theory is that the primary benefit of expanding ammunition is that it provides rapid "notification" to the person who is shot that they have been injured while FMJ bullets sometimes create injuries that are not rapidly noticed by an adrenaline-enhanced attacker.
What finally occurred to me: the arguments for 9MM are based on time of aimed fire - time differences that are measured in small fractions of a second.
Well, if you're really taking accuracy into account, the difference can't be in time alone unless the course of fire is reasonably challenging in the accuracy department and the times are compared ONLY when accuracy scores are identical.

I've done some comparisons in matches where there are multiple targets scored for accuracy and time is also taken into account and the differences aren't "small fractions of a second". The scores (combination of time and accuracy) in categories shot exclusively with .45ACP and 10mm pistols show an average of 20% degradation compared to categories shot mostly with 9mm pistols. Master class shooters' scores also showed a degradation in performance, but only about 10%.

http://thefiringline.com/forums/showpost.php?p=6298075&postcount=76
A truth I am aware of. However I am not, and likely never will be, good enough to deal with multiple determined and competent attackers.
If that's your threshold then it doesn't really matter what gun you carry or what caliber it is. You're not just accepting the possibility of a psychological stop, you're banking on it.

The odds are pretty good in your favor--over 90% of stops are psychological--but then the odds are pretty good in favor of your never needing a gun in the first place.

If you're concerned about caliber, then, by definition, you're talking about less than 10% of self-defense gun uses since over 90% of the time the gun isn't even fired or the attacker isn't hit or injured seriously. Obviously caliber can't play any part in that kind of an encounter.
 
All of this is predicated on a discussion about typical self-defense ammunition--in other words, expanding ammunition.

What do you need expanding ammo for, according to the current trend a little expansion is irrelevant it's all about speed and penatration?
 
What do you need expanding ammo for, according to the current trend a little expansion is irrelevant it's all about speed and penatration?
You do not seem to be willing to understand. Differences in expanded diameter among the service calibers are said to be less important than penetration and shot placement.

Shot placement, in a defensive encounter, can depend a lot on rapidity of controlled fire.

Nothing in that indicates that expanding ammunition is not preferable.
 
Differences in expanded diameter among the service calibers are said to be less important than penetration and shot placement.

And you don't seam to understand that if that is true now according to the FBI ( won't even get into using them as an athority in 2016) and that .85 offers no substantial gain over .6, then what makes you think that .6 will offer any substantial gain over a unexpanded .355 projectile?
 
...what makes you think that .6 will offer any substantial gain over a unexpanded .355 projectile?
As I mentioned before, I do not know enough about wounding effectiveness to make a personal judgment, but the body of accepted expert knowledge seems to address expanded diameters in a range that does not include .355 inches.

The experts speak of service rounds using expanding bullets.

One would reasonably conclude from that that a .355 inch diameter would not be considered to be within the range of what they consider to be effective ammunition.

I have no reason to question that assessment.

Can you name a better authority than the FBI, which has at its disposal all of the research performed in the subject area?
 
The experts speak of service rounds using expanding bullets.

Sure they do expansion really is important, not all are on the 9mm bandwagon.

One would reasonably conclude from that that a .355 inch diameter would not be considered to be within the range of what they consider to be effective ammunition.
Seal teams might tell you that .355 FMJ is extremely effective applied properly;) but what do they know.

I have no reason to question that assessment.
Question everything;) figure stuff out for yourself.

Can you name a better authority than the FBI, which has at its disposal all of the research performed in the subject area?

You seriously want to go with the FBI's conclusions, I look at the evidence and just don't agree:rolleyes:
 
Seal teams might tell you that .355 FMJ is extremely effective applied properly but what do they know.
Well that is what is issued to SEAL teams, and they are limited to FMJ.

We do not know that they might otherwise choose.

MARSOC, similarly limited to FMJ, selected the .45, but they are permitted to carry 9MM.

Neither is limited to drawing only when they face an imminent threat, or to firing only when a serious attack is imminent. They are warriors, with objectives and rules of engagement that differ from those of armed citizens in a civilian setting. They are more likely to be able select precision rather than speed than are those in a self defense setting. So are SWAT teams and hostage rescue teams.

You seriously want to go with the FBI's conclusions, I look at the evidence and just don't agree
You may not, but the overwhelming majority of trainers, law enforcement officers, and other recognized experts have come to the same conclusions as the FBI.

Had no FBI recommendations ever been issued, I, and many more of us, would accept the consensus of the experts before your unsupported opinion.
 
Why is expansion important?
It is important only in that it affects the size of the permanent wound channel.

It is generally accepted that the most important considerations are penetration and shot placement, followed by the size of the wound cannel.

There have been minimum test standards established for penetration. Today, most service caliber premium grade defensive ammunition with bonded JHP bullets meets the requirements.

Shot placement relates to medical forensic issues--one who understands how the body functions can form opinions on that. Starts with destroying the central nervous system, but other damage can stop an attack.

The consensus seems to be that, within the range of expanded diameters among standard service rounds (and that, of course, means with expanding bullets), wound channel. already lower on the priority list and not really quantifiable in terms of effect, is not a major discriminator with today's ammunition.

You could figure all of this out for yourself, since all of this information is publicly available, and this subject has been discussed ad nauseam here in the past, but discussing your questions may be useful to others.
 
And you don't seam to understand that if that is true now according to the FBI ( won't even get into using them as an athority in 2016) and that .85 offers no substantial gain over .6, then what makes you think that .6 will offer any substantial gain over a unexpanded .355 projectile?
You've couched your question as if the difference between two expanded projectiles can be reasonably compared to the difference between an expanded projectile and a non-expanding projectile. In fact, they can not because while the difference between two expanding projectiles is a matter of degree, the difference between an expanding and a non-expanding projectile is much more fundamental.

Expanding projectiles create similar wound tracks and similar wounding effects within a given "caliber class" even though there are differences in the average expanded size of the projectiles.

Expanding projectiles create very different wound tracks and wounding effects from non-expanding projectiles even when the final diameter of the two rounds is quite similar.
Why is expansion important?
My theory is that it provides rapid notification of injury to the shootee. Given that the vast majority of stops are psychological in nature, it's very important for the shootee to know that they've been shot. FMJ bullets seem to create less of an impact and there are some reports of people being shot with FMJ/non-expanding RN bullets and not even knowing they've been injured.

In effect, an FMJ/non-expanding round creates a penetrating injury. The expansion of a round adds a blunt trauma effect that, while perhaps not particularly potent in terms of permanent wounding effect, is quite effective at letting the person know that they've been hit.
Sure they do expansion really is important...
It's agreed that expansion is important when compared to no expansion. There's not a similar consensus that the difference in expanded bullet size amongst the service pistol calibers is important. In fact, it's now generally accepted that it isn't.
Seal teams might tell you that .355 FMJ is extremely effective applied properly...
Exactly correct. FMJ has very good lethal potential when the CNS is hit. In fact, nearly any bullet type and caliber has very good and very rapid lethal potential when the CNS is hit. When the round isn't immediately lethal, then it's a very different story and in that case expanding rounds are commonly accepted to produce much better incapacitation results than non-expanding rounds.
 
Expanding projectiles create very different wound tracks and wounding effects from non-expanding projectiles even when the final diameter of the two rounds is quite similar.

Not according to the ER doctors that the FBI sources.

One thing that folks on the recient 9mm bandwagon refuse to accept you can't determine the projectile shape or size in soft tissue, real life isn't CSI Miami.
That goes for 9mm vs 380 vs 32 as well as JHP vs FMJ.
 
Not according to the ER doctors that the FBI sources.
An FBI source quotes ER doctors as saying that there are no detectable differences between wound tracks of expanding and non-expanding ammo?

I'd like to see that data; can you provide a link or quote?
 
The FBI reseach that is being discussed says that ER/trama surgeons cannot see any difference between service calibers when top quality JHP ammo is used.

9, 40, 45...the wound tracts are not distinguishably different from each other.
 
The FBI reseach that is being discussed says that ER/trama surgeons cannot see any difference between service calibers when top quality JHP ammo is used.
Right, that's what I remembered as well. Still, if there was information comparing expanding and non-expanding ammo, I'd be interested to see it.
 
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