Back in the 90s there were a few European car brands known for their, shall we say, loose interpretation of the word "quality".
Two examples were the Spanish marque, Seat ("Sei-at") which produced cars unable to cope with the weather outside the Iberian peninsula, whilst being somewhat inefficient, and unreliable, but cheap. Then there was the Czech marque, Skoda, whose existance spawned no end of poor jokes
(What do you call a Skoda with two exhaust pipes? A wheel-barrow! Haha-hoohoo! Why do Skodas have heated rear windows? To keep your hands warm as you push...! Guffaw!! You get the idea.)
Anyway, in the late 90's both these brands were bought out by VW who also own Audi. After an extensive and very successful re-branding campaign, Seats were seen as the youthful peppy brand for those young at heart, whilst Skodas became the smart shopers choice of a quality product without the price.
All this is to illustrate that you can essentially buy a Seat or Skoda and be buying the same engine, chassis, build and similar performance/style as an Audi priced 40-50% higher.
In other words one of the only remaining reasons to specifically buy an Audi, beyond some exclusive performance models, is the badge. For day-to-day driving it is just that badge that will show any difference in the quality of one's journey.
The connection with guns?
Well, I'd like to know which are the brands for which, to all intents and purposes, the buyer is paying a premium for the letters stamped on the side of the slide?
Which companies managed to raise their retail price by virtue of their name?
I can think of a few, but my opinion is purely based on what I've read here and not on any real hands-on experience of the wider gun market, so I'll just see what others come up with.
(PS, let's keep this civil, eh? They're just brands, not family honours!)
Being a car guy and a gun guy I like the this topic.
I think that there are a few problems with your initial analogy. In the US, the market I am familiar with, the same argument can be made for VW vs Audi. A Passat is a basically a A6 and the Jetta is an A4. There is a difference in price but that is not really the issue.
I would argue that the difference is not just a few letters. The cars chassis and guts are the same but the chips on the engine are not. They are setup differently. They perform differently. The fit and finish on a Audi in the US is superior to the VW. I have owned both. Real napa leather vs bonded leather plastic and even options like alcantara inserts. VW does offer some napa but only at higher premium price. There are more features and options in the Audi brand. The guts might be the same but the end product differs.
Also the support you get from the dealership is not the same. Every Audi dealer I have ever dealt with handed me a loaner car anytime my car was in for service. VW has never given me a loaner. The facilities are nicer. There scheduling system is better. I have been able to develop a relationship with the service manager of Audi dealerships, in order to get parts faster and cheaper, that I could not do with WV dealers. I could go on and on but you get the gist of what I am saving.
These subtle differences may or may not be worth the extra $$$ only the individual consumer can decide for themselves but presenting that it is an apples to apples comparison is simply not the case.
To the world of firearms one of the best recent example of the question you are asking is the Sig P225 vs the Sig P6. The Sig P225 is a commercial gun imported into the US by Sig Sauer/Sig Arms and sold to the general public. They were sold in their day for $500- $650 depending when you bought them.
Then there is the P6 which was a contract gun sold to German LEOs which were imported into the US by people like PW Arms as surplus. They were sold at one time used as low at $250 and unissued guns around $325-$350. They were a great deal and you will see most people refer to the P6 as a P225 and vice versa.
However there are differences. Not all P6s will shoot hollow points. The older feedramp was designed for ball ammo. They have a heavy mainspring IIRC 28#s which make the DA horrible. They did this to ensure it would fire hard primers. It also has a funny hammer with a ring/hook so that LEO armorers could tell if the gun was dropped. Generally speaking IMHO they are not finished as well as the commercial versions but that point is often debated. These can all be fixed but does it make the gun a P225?
The market says it does not. If you put a used P225 in a classified you can get $500 to $650 depending on condition a recent batch of P6s and they sold in 15 minutes for $419 from Dan's Ammo. The market says their is a difference just like the market says the Audi A6 is worth more than a VW Passat.
You can make the same analysis of the Beretta 92FS vs the M9. There are small differences and the price difference is smaller here but they are essentially the same gun but the market says they are different.
People keep bringing up the Sears guns of old. I will also point out that every single Sears appliance is a re-branded model from a major manufacturer yet the Kenmore name is still stronger than some of the brands that make the Kenmore goods.
People actually pay more for the Kenmore brand.
Whenever you ask questions of "Value" you get subjective answers because it is fundamentally a subjective decision. Even when it is a true apples to apples comparison subjective factors move people to make choices. No way around it. Trying to break it down to an objective analysis is not possible IMHO but it is a fun discussion.