If a straw sale is allowed to proceed, does anyone gain access to store records they wouldn't normally have, or do they have that authority already...with no evidence of any straw purchase?
Yep, the ATF does. They can initiate a trace for pretty much any reason.
However, there's little concern about access to 4473's being used as a registry. For the most part, the only time a gun is specifically reported to the ATF is in conjunction with a multiple-handgun sale form. Otherwise, the records are kept by the dealer. The very system dealers use makes it very hard to simply find John Smith's guns.
Dealers' books are organized by the date the gun was received. For example, the acquisition log will show something like this:
07/25/2011 / Glock / 19 / 9mm / RAB455 / Glock USA, Smyrna, Ga.
07/26/2011 / S&W / 686 / .357 / CEB123 / AcuSport, Bellefontaine, Oh.
When each gun is sold, the dealer fills out the customer's information in the "disposition" column. However, the books are organized by
acquisition, so the only real way to audit them is by the date the guns were received.
Essentially, there's no quick way to look at the dealer's records and determine which guns John Smith bought. I'd have to go down the list, line by line, and depending on how long the dealer's been in business, that could be tens of thousands of entries.
And that assumes the dealer is still in business. If not, the books (and the forms) get boxed up and sent to an ATF warehouse, in which there are tens of
millions of entries to consider. Assuming the ATF has a complete cache of those records, it's still a nightmare to track anything down because they're prohibited by both law and logistics from collating those records into any kind of database.
An
de facto registry won't come from that infrastructure. It would have to entail a whole new reporting system, and even then, the registry would only be accurate from the date of inception. Guns bought before then wouldn't be in it.
Now, a new reporting requirement (like the one they tried in the border states) could force the registry of
some weapons, but I think that could be proven to be a violation of the Tiahrt Amendment.