They are really two different cartridges with completely different properties. you could create a load that would match the nine simply based on capacity and bullet characteristics,
The nine, however, is loaded to 35,000 or so pressure and the .38 special is limited to roughly half that for standard loads.
If you loaded the .38 special up to 35,000 pressure, you would have a .357 magnum.
The nine was created for lighter high velocity semi automatic rounds and the .38 was created as a black powder equivalent round, with high capacity and heavy bullets, for use with guns made to shoot lower pressures. Weaker steel and 1800's workmanship.