It’d be nice if someone would do a chemical analysis on that dark varnish looking stuff and publish the results. I’m almost convinced that it came from a combination of raw linseed oil reddening with age (boiled linseed doesn’t do that nearly as much), impurities in the vats or rubbed in as the original finish (either tung or linseed) was softened and penetrated by successive coats. Throw in oxidation, other chemical reactions, and hardening due to drying over years of storage ; and you might end up with something that looks like a tinted varnish. Still, I’m just guessing and going on the assumption that they didn’t use varnish because I haven’t found any reference to it being used ... and an old USMC armorer I knew insisted on the raw linseed, and regularly maintaining the finish. Also, relatives that used the things in the military all described wiping the stocks down as part of the maintenance… so I’m going by anecdotal evidence, mostly.
Imo … there’s also the possibility of armorers taking it on themselves to better seal the stocks for long-term storage and using varnish or something else.
One thing I’ve noticed with linseed is that the finish doesn’t really look right when you’re first "done", kinda empty or something imo. It takes using it, sweating all over it, getting it dirty, cleaning, touching it up, full wipe-downs, and a lot of attention over time to get it to really "come out"... and the stocks finished with the boiled linseed don't seem to do this as much as with the raw.
I wouldn’t recommend using it to anyone that didn’t actually enjoy finishing and maintaining a rifle as much as shooting it… especially since you can get the "right look" almost perfect with a combination modern products. Linseed is, objectively speaking, an inferior finish for a rifle stock if you’re looking for low maintenance or protection.