I have a Barrett .50BMG, and the answer to your question depends on the round and what you hit.
In soft tissue, a FN 5.7 will make an entry wound 1/2 the diameter of a .50 BMG, and about 5-10X the area of a ball or AP round. One reason for this is with non-expanding, non-explosive ammo, the .50 BMG has so much energy it generally go through a soft tissue without dissipating all of it's massive energy, unlike the expanding 5.7 below. However, the hydrostatic shock wave from a .50 BMG is still massive, even without expansion.
Here's the entry side of a Graingers catalog. The smallest holes are FN 5.7, the slightly larger are 9mm, the largest entry are 12.7mm / .50BMG
On the exit wound side, the solid circled exit wound is the FN 5.7, and the dashed circles are the .50BMG exit wounds. The square box on the left is the 9mm.
You can do that kind of damage with a .50 out past 1,000 yards, but not likely with the 5.7 past a few hundred.
If you assume larger American game animals have similar tissue to your "living beings", it still depends.
If you hit something hard, like a large bone or skull, the result is likely splintering of the bone with massive internal trauma from the 10-12Kft-lbs of energy passing through. (FYI In the case of the Volvo engine, it's about a 5/8" entry and a 2" diameter exit.) In a living thing... I'm not specifically going there but the effects are significantly greater (5-6 times muzzle energy) than a widely published shot made with a 6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano Model 91/38 made in November 1963.
And, if you find a .50BMG with a Mk211 ("Raufoss") round and the target is behind a hard object like a cinder block wall, (or a large deer / moose standing behind a 3" tree) it's going to look like a shotgun entry and exit at very close range. Otherwise the Mk211 acts like ball ammo in soft tissue.
I have had some US sniper acquaintances who have indicated the .50 will sever an arm inside of a mile with a square hit in the bicep without body center of mass contact.
Finally, there are some .50 BMG hunting rounds, but not many. If you were using those, the effects above might be amplified.
I wouldn't recommend being in the line of fire if at all possible.