What other types of rounds are there for small arms?

For another variation on a theme, we already have "hollow point" as a type. For handgun, at least, "hollow point" usually means a hollow point projectile that has scores around the mouth of the cavity to facilitate expansion of the bullet upon contact.

Hornady has a jacketed hollow point that doesn't have scores and isn't intended to expand. It's their HAP round, and that's an acronym for Hornady Action Pistol. It's intended for use in practical shooting competition. Wilson Combat uses the HAP projectile in their match ammo, for example.

https://www.hornady.com/bullets/hap#!/

hap.png
 
Bolo rounds (2 round balls attached by a lead wire)
Similar concept - a bullet where the base detaches from 3 petals immediately upon leaving the barrel and all 3 are held by a wire. Forget the name.
Gas-seal cartridges. Nagant revolver and some other specialty Russian designs.
Fin stabilized sabot "darts" tested by Steyr in their 12.7mm semi auto anti materiel rifle.
Various flechette and dart rounds tested during the Salvo/ACR project (and of course flechette shot shells and tank shells)
Parachute/Flare (visible or IR) - mostly 26.5mm and up
Square bullets designed by the inventor of the Puckle Gun - supposedly for religious reasons
Self-contained "rocket ball" cartridges
Spoon tip ammo - tested in PDW cartridges like 4.6x30mm and 6.5x25 CBJ
"Explosive" rifle rounds with a secondary charge in the bullet that detonates on impact
 
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