A couple of points
on which I must disagree.
An Atomic Bomb is the ultimate in collateral damage.
Definitions of terrorism-? Too broad a definition reduces the accuracy of the term. Some might feel that any act which terrorizes someone is an act of terrorism, and while correct in the broadest terms, I do not feel it is the proper use of the term for the purposes of our discussion.
The bombing of cities, as in WWII would not be terrorism, as it is carried out by the military forces of a nation state. Armies do not commit terrorism. They wage war.
Using the term terrorism to include legitimate acts of war (no matter how horrifying) is inappropriate. Military troops "terrorizing" a village, a farm, a city, the countryside, etc is not terrorism, it is war.
That is, in fact the difference between them, one is carried out by a government, and the other by individuals (who wish to be the government).
The actual act may even be the same in general, such as a bombing, but since one is carried out by a govt. and the other is not, different terms must be used, otherwise one cannot converse accurately.
That some people cannot or willnot restrict their definition of terrorism is one of the major sticking points of the whole issue. Some people see no difference between acts of war and acts of terrorism. Some even go so far as to see uniformed soldiers as terrorists, because warfare does terrorize.
We must maintain clear seperate definitions, to do otherwise is a disservice to the men and women in uniform, and grants a status to terrorists that they neither have nor merit.
Rebels need not be terrorists, although many have turned out to be. Our Founding Fathers were rebels, but not, in my book, terrorists.
For me, the dividing line is target selection. Terrorists target innocent civilians, and will even pass up attacking the military forces of their enemies to strike at the civil populace. They will kidnap, imprison, torture, and kill individuals for no other reason than the fact that they are citizens of the "enemy" nation. They engage in acts which demonstrate only their ruthlessness against those weaker than themselves.
I disagree with the analogy of terrorism and firearms. While the ultimate goal (good or evil) is dependant on the person behind it, firearms are inanimate objects, while terrorism is a deliberate act, evil in nature, as it requires harm to be done in order to exist. There is a difference.
The Boston Tea Party was not a terrorist act. It was sabotage. Destruction of specific property (tea), while taking pains to ensure minimum "collateral damage".
Over the last couple of centuries Western Civilization has worked out a set of generally acceptable rules for "civilised warfare" (I leave the argument for if there can be such a thing for another time). Generally speaking, if you are a nation state, you are expected to play by these rules, even if you are not signatory to international treaty requiring it. Failure to abide by these rules and you become a rogue nation, and war criminals. If you are not a nation state and you engage in war you are still expected to abide by the rules. If you do, you are rebels, insurgents, or guerilla fighters. If you don't, you are terrorists.
Terrorists are criminals. Their underlying philosophy boils down to the same thing, do what we say, or die.
They are the schoolyard bully writ large.