im looking to spend some money ive saved on a new rifle, partially from neccessity (hunting) and partially from paranoia (the world seems to be getting worse daily)... so im looking to buy a general purpose rifle, useful for shtf scenarios, survival scenarios, or general outdoor and recreational use...
but there is some criteria ive settled on
-id like reliability and accuracy
-preferably a full length stock vs seperate furniture
-would like something with more downrange energy than .223, but most .223 rifles can be converted to 6.5 or 6.8, etc, so ill leave that open
-bolt actions are OK
-semis are OK
-have owned, and learned that i do not like AK or SKS
-delayed blowback, long-stroke gas piston, or bolt action is what id prefer
I would agree with some of your criteria but think some of it you should throw out the window, KISS the whole process. I'd loose the full stock option and forget 6.5 and 6.8 options as well they don't do anything for you. For me they would be ammunition availability, simplicity/reliability, and optics as well as iron sights.
1. Most important ammunition availability. .223, .308, and .30-06 are the most available and commonly found cartridges in the United States. LE and Military commonly use the .223 and .308 and these are my fist choices in chamberings, and because of the popularity for hunting the .30-06 would be third. Forget about 7.62X54, 7.62X39 and .303 they just aren't as available as the previous three at every place that sells ammunition. Plus if you are going to keep componets on hand to reload as well, you have far more options in .224 and .308 bullets. And forget about changing the .223 rifle to a 6.8 or 6.5 caliber as it wouldn't be practical in your "paranoia (the world seems to be getting worse daily)... so im looking to buy a general purpose rifle, useful for shtf scenarios, survival scenarios" the .223 will work.
2. Simple rifles that are capable of 1-2 MOA accuracy with a wide variety of ammunition, that are easy to repair, field strip/clean and proven reliable designs. Most simple would be a bolt action hunting rifle like a sporter M98 or clone (commercial Mauser, M70 Pre-64/Classic, FN SPR/PBR, and Ruger M77). Keep the simple two stage military trigger, don't add an enclosed trigger that could gum or freeze up. Add a spare firing pin and spring kit and you have all the parts you need to fix the action, plus it doesn't take up much room. The bolt action will be the lightest to carry as long as your not trying to lug around a Varmint/Tactical rifle.
First choice semi-auto and one you have to consider is the AR style of rifles because of their simplicity and parts availability. M1A style rifles would be next including the Mini-14. High capacity magazines for the AR style rifles are easier to find than the ones for the Mini.
The M1 Garand you like would be my last choice because the En-Bloc system is inferior to the detachable magazines of the AR or M1A style rifles. Plus there is factory ammunition out there that could possibly put it out of operation since it is too high of pressure for the M1 to handle. It is the heaviest to carry of all the rifles as well. Then there is the ability to add optics to them easily, not many M1's have this capability compared to the other styles of rifles I mentioned.
3. The addition of optics to your rifle choices. I know you said you didn't want optics but if they increase your chances of making a first shot count why not add them? Keep the optics simple as well like a fixed 4 or 6 power scope. Make sure it is quick detachable and the mounts, and your bases don't interfere with your back up sights when you have the scope removed. Make sure whatever optics you choose they are known to be rugged and reliable. I know most hunting rifles don't come with iron sights but any competent gunsmith can add a set to your rifle and I think you could still come in inside your budget.