Tell me what this stuff is

I know I'm looking at the barrel nut...
Bailey is correct, the recoil lug on the Axis is embedded in the stock (on most rifles it is part of the barreled action) and fits into the recess where your shotblasting residue resides.

You need to remove it to avoid damaging the barrel and nut threads, and as he also observed was likely causing the issues with accuracy. The shot built up around the edges of the recess will prevent the lug from seating correctly.
 
That's not beadblasting , it's called shot peening and I have no idea why Savage would be doing that . Shot peening is usually used on cast parts to remove mold marks and provide an even texture , without removing metal !
 
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