I think the last question is just NATO calibers, .223, .308. 30/06, 7.62 X 39, and 9MM.
Other widely available (Non-NATO) cartridges that I've added to my own list are 12 gauge, .44 Mag, and of course the .45 ACP.
Oh, almost forgot the arms, any .223 rifle that will accept AR/M16 mags, AK's are always a good bet (I should get me one of those!).
Frags, concussion, claymores, whoops, rambling.