Inspectorlee:
If you haven't already, I strongly suggest that you take an NRA Basic Pistol class. It will answer some of the questions that you are asking.
First, when most people say .38, they mean .38 Special. Not always, but usually. There are other .38 calibers, but the predominant one is .38 Spcl. +P means that ammunition is loaded to higher pressures than the standard SAAMI pressure for that caliber. +P+ means even higher than +P. Not all guns are capable of handling +P or +P+. Check the manual and/or call the manufacturer. Any .357 Magnum gun can fire .38 Spcl +P or .38 Spcl +P+.
.357 Magnum was developed after .38 Spcl and is a slightly longer cartridge, loaded to much higher pressures. You can shoot .38 spcl ammo in a .357 Mag gun, but not vice versa. If you could get a .357 Mag case into a .38 Spcl gun and you fired it, you would quite possibly permanently damage the gun, due to the much higher chamber pressures.
S&W makes a wide variety of double action revolvers, but they are all basically a variation of a small number of frames, from smallest to largest:
J-frame - small, 5 shot
K-frame - medium, 6 shot
L-frame - bigger than K, smaller than N, 6 - 8 shot
N-frame - largest, 6 shot
S&W sells many variations, with different action types (DA vs DAO vs shrouded hammer), barrel length, etc.
I strongly agree with Stephen Camp. Get a 4" S&W Model 19 or 66. The 19 is a blued gun (you'll have to get one used, they're no longer made). The 66 is essentially the same gun as the 19, but in stainless. The 19/66 are .357 Mag, built on the K-frame.
I suggest that you start (and probably stick with) .38 Spcl. It has a whole lot less recoil than .357 Mag. If you shoot a whole lot of .357 Mag, then a the L-frame (686) might be better. But I think few of us really shoot that much 357 Mag, and personally, I think the 19/66 balances better in my hand than the 686.
In terms of recoil, with .38 Spcl, you'll probably find the recoil is much less than .40. Depending upon the particular .357 load, in a 19/66 the recoil might be somewhat greater and the muzzle blast and report will likely be significantly greater.
M1911
If you haven't already, I strongly suggest that you take an NRA Basic Pistol class. It will answer some of the questions that you are asking.
First, when most people say .38, they mean .38 Special. Not always, but usually. There are other .38 calibers, but the predominant one is .38 Spcl. +P means that ammunition is loaded to higher pressures than the standard SAAMI pressure for that caliber. +P+ means even higher than +P. Not all guns are capable of handling +P or +P+. Check the manual and/or call the manufacturer. Any .357 Magnum gun can fire .38 Spcl +P or .38 Spcl +P+.
.357 Magnum was developed after .38 Spcl and is a slightly longer cartridge, loaded to much higher pressures. You can shoot .38 spcl ammo in a .357 Mag gun, but not vice versa. If you could get a .357 Mag case into a .38 Spcl gun and you fired it, you would quite possibly permanently damage the gun, due to the much higher chamber pressures.
S&W makes a wide variety of double action revolvers, but they are all basically a variation of a small number of frames, from smallest to largest:
J-frame - small, 5 shot
K-frame - medium, 6 shot
L-frame - bigger than K, smaller than N, 6 - 8 shot
N-frame - largest, 6 shot
S&W sells many variations, with different action types (DA vs DAO vs shrouded hammer), barrel length, etc.
I strongly agree with Stephen Camp. Get a 4" S&W Model 19 or 66. The 19 is a blued gun (you'll have to get one used, they're no longer made). The 66 is essentially the same gun as the 19, but in stainless. The 19/66 are .357 Mag, built on the K-frame.
I suggest that you start (and probably stick with) .38 Spcl. It has a whole lot less recoil than .357 Mag. If you shoot a whole lot of .357 Mag, then a the L-frame (686) might be better. But I think few of us really shoot that much 357 Mag, and personally, I think the 19/66 balances better in my hand than the 686.
In terms of recoil, with .38 Spcl, you'll probably find the recoil is much less than .40. Depending upon the particular .357 load, in a 19/66 the recoil might be somewhat greater and the muzzle blast and report will likely be significantly greater.
M1911