Most handguns manufactured today don't truly need a beak-in period before working reliably. Some do, however. Check with the manufacturer. The break-in helps the parts mate together for a better fit and smoother performance.
Kahr recommends about 200 beak-in rounds on the CM9. The Dan Wesson manual recommends 300 to 500 for their 1911s. Keith, who runs the 1911 production line has verbally indicated about 200 rounds. Les Baer recommend break-in rounds for their 1911s but I don't recall the exact amount (maybe 300 to 400). Some posters may argue they are cutting corners and the shooter shouldn't have to do this. Fine, don't buy the guns. More for me.
Now, even if a gun doesn't truly need a break-in, I still believe in shooting a semi-auto for 200 to 300 rounds before depending on it. This serves a dual purpose. First, if there are any defective parts, they are more likely to show up early (not always, of course). Second, it gives me familiarity with that specific gun. As a side benefit, all guns do seem to run a bit better after some rounds through them.
For revolvers, I'm usually happy with anywhere from 25 to 50 rounds through them.