The toughest part is not being able to see the target; if you haven't adjusted the sights for long distance, the gun is completely obscuring the target.
If the gun is obscuring the target, you are doing it wrong.
Or, at least, not in the most practical manner.
I used to routinely ring the
200yd gone with my Ruger Blackhawk .45 (7.5")
Offhand. One handed.
And I'll do it with any handgun you give me, with some sighter shots (although, maybe not one handed!)
It is a matter of technique, not the cartridge, or even the barrel length, although longer barrels and flatter shooting rounds make it easier. Also the mechanical accuracy of the gun has to be capable of it.
A worn out duty pistol that barely does a 6" group at 50 yds is going to be tough to ring the gong with at 200, but I'll get close, and probably get lucky once or twice.
IF YOU can't do a 6" group, the gun and cartridge won't matter much.
Friend challenged me, handed me a Sig .357 Sig (don't recall the model), looked the same as my BDA .45 (Sig P220), but felt much heavier.
10 rnds in the mag. Never shot the gun before. Never shot the .357 Sig round in anything.
#3 was the first hit on the 200yd gong. #6 was a miss (windage) the rest hit. Offhand.
Don't cover the target with the gun. Don't aim ABOVE the target. Hold up the front sight in the notch the right amount (which you will have to learn), with the target on TOP of the front sight.
On my Ruger, with my handload, the sweet spot for 200 is right where the slope of the front sight blade "breaks" Hold that level with the top of the rear sight and you will hit. (drop. Windage, you're on your own!
)
Every gun/load, and range will be a bit different, but the principle can be applied to all.
One Browning Hi Power I had, the sweet spot for 200 was about an inch back on the slide, rearward of the base of the front sight.
When conditions are just right, EVERYTHING has the power to kill at any range it hits. Making a humane, clean kill on a game animal at long range is another matter entirely.