My disappointment is that we cam design aircraft to go Mach2, put men on the moon but we can't use maths to predict what a bullet will do to an animal.
It's like the weather. Even with the widespread monitoring of conditions, it's still impossible to accurately predict the weather past about 14 days. After that interval, the best you can do is rely on past data for highs, lows & averages. The problem isn't a breakdown in the math, the problem is that in order to predict accurately you need access to a HUGE amount of information, and even then, unless it's infinite and the calculations are performed with infinite precision, the solution will rapidly degrade (a couple of weeks into the future) into the historical condition data.
If you tell me
everything about the specific animal (not a particular species--I'm talking about a particular INDIVIDUAL) you wish to shoot then it would be possible (though not easy or fast) to predict, with reasonable probabilities, the most likely outcomes if that animal is shot with a particular bullet, travelling at a particular velocity that impacts at a certain impact point and travels a particular path through that animal. One would also have to factor in states of alert of the animal, physical condition/health of the animal, any unusual organ positioning or size inside the animal, responses to particular stimuli based on actual testing of that particular animal, the activity of the animal at the time in question and possibly some other things that just aren't coming to mind at the moment.
With some smart guys, a lot of money, and a lot of time, a team could work the problem for, say several hundred impact points and paths through the particular animal you're interested in. I don't have a super good feel for the level of effort involved, but I'd say for the first go around it might take a year to get everything working just right.
Then you'd have a huge chart of what's likely to happen if you shoot this animal at this point from this angle with this bullet at this velocity when he's involved in this particular activity and at this particular alert level, etc. You could probably make an app out of it to run on a handheld computing device of some sort.
All that would be applicable only to the animal you provided the information about although it might be reasonably applicable to animals which are VERY similar to the one you provided the information for. I'm not just talking the same species, I'm talking the same size, weight, condition, sex, ones which exhibit similar responses to similar tested stimuli, etc.
After that, it might only take a few weeks--maybe even a few days for you to get the same information for another specific animal once you had all the information for that animal to feed into the system.
After you had provided the information for a lot of animals that were reasonably similar, we could start looking at the data and looking for some commonalities that might simplify the problem.
Then, guess what we would find out. We'd find that best results are obtained by shooting an unsuspecting animal through the heart/lungs or CNS with a fairly large caliber bullet going at high velocity.
Just like the weather problem. If you try to generalize the prediction too much it degrades to the historical values for that day and all the work you put in on the solution doesn't really add to your knowledge of what the weather will be like on a day too far in the future.