Ahhhhh, I can think of one thing that everybody missed in the discussion. 9mm, .40, and .45 are pretty much equally effective when at their best. However with the .45, and to a lesser extent the .40, you can still have effectiveness if your favorite pet load isn't available. Even .45 ball is more than adequate as a defensive round, even if it is no longer ideal. Virtually ANY of the available .45 JHP's will get you through the night if your pet load is on backorder at the local shootin' shop. The .40 rounds are potentially in the same league, although there are probably more dogs in that caliber. The 9mm however, while very effective in its best loadings (Cor-Bon, Remington +P) can be a REAL dog with most of the older standard velocity rounds. 9mm ball is a total joke, the 147gr JHP isn't much better, and standard pressure 115 or 124gr is merely adequate. I feel just fine using a 9mm as long as I have +P ammo on hand, but if not it's going to be either .40 or .45ACP.