Communication requires common language. If you're going to make up your own definitions for things and insist upon them in the face of evidence to the contrary, it's impossible to communicate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_occluder
"A pinhole occluder is an opaque disk with one or more small holes through it, used by ophthalmologists, orthoptists and optometrists to test visual acuity.
The occluder is a simple way to focus light,"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_camera
"In the region of near-field diffraction (or Fresnel diffraction), the pinhole focuses the light slightly, and the resolution limit is minimized when the focal length f (the distance between the pinhole and the film plane) is given by f = s2/λ. At this focal length, the pinhole focuses the light slightly, and the resolution limit is about 2/3 of the radius of the pinhole. The pinhole, in this case, is equivalent to a Fresnel zone plate with a single zone. The value s2/λ is in a sense the natural focal length of the pinhole."
http://hilaroad.com/camp/projects/pinhole.html
"A tiny hole (less then 1 mm), focuses light passing through it, much the same way a lens does."
https://www.flickr.com/groups/84458270@N00/discuss/72157604778403047/
"Pinholes, like (uncorrected) lenses will only focus one wavelength "perfectly"."
https://www.asu.edu/courses/phs208/patternsbb/PiN/rdg/camera/camera.shtml
"But the aperture itself can function as a lens."
https://www.exploratorium.edu/tinkering/blog/2017/06/20/pinhole-cameras-with-modesto-tamez
"To start off our exploration, Modesto demonstrated how a pinhole can focus light without a lens. "
But you know, I kind of think you were already completely aware of this property of apertures. Just a guess on my part...
Bart B. said:
Everything seen through the aperture will also be seen the exact same way relative to each other and the LOS with the eye alone but darker and better focused
No alignment error is masked.
The paper you linked to states that an aperture sight system masks eye alignment errors.
Bart, where were you going with the questions you posed at the beginning of the thread??? Can we reset back to the beginning of the thread, start over with common terminology and accepted definitions and maybe get this back on track?