The Army has a continuing experiment called the LSAT, which reached the milestone of having enough protoype guns built to equip a battalion for field testing, and having SOCOM sign on as a participant.
The idea is that the bullet is surrounded by the propellant, which makes the round about half as long, feeds from a straight stick magazine, and weighs 40% less. That means the average soldier can carry 40% more ammo.
The action has to do all the sealing, the guns are built with a side tilting lock block to seal the chamber. There is video online of belt fed machine guns on a range at Ft. Benning firing full belts with no hangups.
There are significant advantages, and the progress being successfully made has led to speculation why the Army isn't doing much about replacing the M16/M4. Sure, they just handed FN the new contract, but it's still the same gun. What the mid term program involves another 8 years down the road is a completely different gun that offers a significant step forward. 40% more ammo and no brass to pay for, sweep up, and recycle offer a lot of advantages.
On the other hand, the M16 works just fine, the fuel budget fluctuates more than the acquisition costs of a few million new rifles. The program really doesn't rate high in terms of dollars when one fighter plane would about pay for it.