"on January 13th, 1919, the Reichstag enacted legislation requiring surrender of all guns to the government. This law, as well as the August 7, 1920, Law on the Disarmament of the People passed in light of the Versailles Treaty, remained in effect until 1928, when the German parliament enacted the Law on Firearms and Ammunition (April 12, 1928)—a law which relaxed gun restrictions and put into effect a strict firearm licensing scheme."[9] Harcourt however continued: "To be sure, the Nazis were intent on killing Jewish persons and used the gun laws and regulations to further the genocide." 16 Dec 1935 the Gestapo formally ordered that no firearm permits be issued to Jews. Harcourt did argue that the firearms laws were not central to implementing the Holocaust.