I agree the plating is tougher than swaged lead or most cast bullets, allowing for the pressure to get higher without introducing a problem. But it is not as tough as jackets (though I don't think jacketed bullets are normally subjected to pressures high enough to cause their bases a problem).
As to velocity, assuming the pistol and the carbine have the same rifling pitch, forces won't do anything to the bullet structure inside the carbine that they don't do inside the handgun. Speed itself doesn't damage the bullet, forces do. Everything that happens to the bullet past the length of the pistol barrel is happening at dropping pressures and dropping resulting forces. Stripping, where it occurs, is at its worst when a bullet is subject to peak pressure because that is when the most force is applied to the bullet base resulting in the greatest linear and rotational acceleration. That peak occurs inside both the handgun and carbine barrels when the bullet is still near the throat, so it is no greater in the carbine.
The only thing speed itself does is cause the bullet to experience higher air pressure (resulting in drag force) on its nose when it leaves the muzzle blast sphere. It varies with BC, but is maybe on the order of 1 lb vs 1.5 lb or so. You can push on even a soft swaged bullet with your thumb harder than that without deforming it.