More powder in a short barrel doesn't mean all of it is going to burn while in the barrel.
There are HUNDREDS of different smokeless propellants.
I can load 9mm to leave a 6" barrel at 1,150 fps, with 95% efficiency (powder consumed); and I can load 9mm to leave a 2" barrel at 1,150 fps, with 95% efficiency. It would be very stupid of me to use the same powder in both applications.
Adding more powder would
never happen. Just adding more powder to the load will increase pressures, when some bored idiot decides to shoot the 'short-barrel' load in his rifle. Adding enough powder to reach good velocity in the short barrel would mean for case-rupturing pressure levels in the rifle. The
extreme liability inherent to that situation prevents major ammunition companies from doing such (and, as mentioned - it's horribly inefficient to waste that powder, when a faster powder can achieve a ~99% burn).
As Daekar was trying to point out -
The safe way to obtain higher velocity in a short barrel, is to change powders. Going to a powder that has a much faster burn rate, but still won't exceed max pressure in handguns
or rifles, is the answer.
Obviously a rifle will still be better, but I believe these rounds should make 22wmr pistols more effective.
Adding barrel length doesn't always increase velocity - especially with pistol ammunition and rimfires. There are several documented tests (on these very forums) where .22 LR, .380 Auto, 9x19mm, and .45 Auto actually began
losing velocity in longer barrels. Even Chuck Hawks used to have a reference on his website, about a .22 WMR test, where a barrel was cut back 1 inch at a time. Velocity
increased as the barrel was
shortened, until somewhere around the 17" mark; then decreased, as the barrel was cut shorter.
Factory ammunition is designed to attain its highest velocity in a specific barrel length, whether it be pistol ammunition or rifle ammunition (or both, for cartridges like the .22 WMR, .22 LR, and .32-20). When you run shorter or longer than that length, you can experience a loss of velocity. It all boils down to a loss of pressure, since the expanding gases have reached their max pressure at the optimum barrel length. Slow burning rifle powders can negate the loss of velocity, with very long barrels (28", 30", and longer), but then you're arguing about whether the slow burning powder was used to
optimize that load for longer barrels.