200 vs. 230gr .45 ACP's

After some feedback from JohnKSa, I finally went "duh!". I see now where Polyphemus and I are talking past one another. He didn't want to know what I thought he meant by the source of the force. He wanted to know how recoil force is coupled to the frame during the time the bullet is in the barrel. Some days I am slow on the uptake.

Obviously, when firing a semi-auto pistol, some part of the momentum splits off to the slide during barrel time or the gun wouldn't cycle. The portion that gets to the frame while the bullet is still in the barrel is less obvious as to its mechanism. We know it is real because, as the OP reports, his heavier bullets impact 2" higher, plus the video clearly shows it. It is less than in an equivalent single-shot or revolver gets because they share nothing with a slide, though equivalence is hard to establish exactly as you need the same moment of inertia for the vertical plane rotation and the same breech-to-muzzle length. In that instance, the pistol will have less muzzle rise because of sharing momentum with the slide which does not add to the frame momentum until the end of its travel.

In the semi-automatic pistol, some of the coupling is from friction, some from the preload on the recoil spring, some from the linkage to the frame as long as the barrel and slide are still locked, and some from the effort required to cock the gun. The last one is responsible for the lion's share of it.

Browning's original 1911 design required excessive cocking effort. The firing pin stop had a square bottom. This put the cocking force into a point far down the hammer and closer to the hammer pivot pin, so it had a short lever arm, aka, less mechanical advantage than most folks have now. This is because most use the later 1911 A1 firing pin stop, which has a large radius on the bottom, raising the point of contact with the hammer and making it easier to rack the slide when the hammer is down. The is change was made by the military because of soldier's complaints about racking effort on the original.

When EGW came out with their flat-bottom firing pin stops a number of years back, I got one for the full-size 1911 I took to Gunsite originally. Racking the slide with the hammer down does take more effort. However, a friend I was shooting with commented that my muzzle was hardly rising at all (fast recovery). This is because the percent of momentum going to the slide was significantly reduced, so it didn't yank the gun up and around nearly as much when the slide hit the frame through the recoil spring guide. Apparent recoil was significantly reduced; much more than a shock buffer accomplishes. And, you guessed it, with more momentum passing to the frame, my front sight was now too short. At 50' I was about 2 inches higher than I had been with hardball, making the front sight about 0.023" short.
 
Thank you for the clinic Uncle Nick
Please...not another can of worms.The flat stop plate,I read all the analogies about the door handle and the hinge and the story about the servicemen's complaint.Yes it is true that there is some mechanical disadvantage,but I have extremely serious doubts that it is significant.The radius is machined offset so it is not symmetric to both sides and as the slide pushes on the hammer the point of contact drops,seeing as the flat stop also has a radiused corner both types are pushing on the same spot before long.I think you are an engineer maybe you can tell us how much more force it takes to actually cock that hammer.
I think that the US Army Ordnance folks had it right and that Browning did not object on functional grounds.
 
significant/insignificant

I keep seeing these words pop up . Am I wrong in think the significates of something is relative to the person who is evaluating it and what they are trying to accomplish .

I hear this in working up loads for high power service rifle ( CMP ) matches . I have heard many times trying to get my 3/4 moa load down to sub 1/2 is a waste of time because that much of a difference is insignificant do to the off hand shooting rules and wind calls needing to be made . You just are not going to notice that 1/3 moa difference on target .

This leads me to think some are confusing insignificant with not measurable . 3/4 moa to sub 1/2moa is measurable but insignificant in that application . So I ask what are those who are using the word insignificant actually saying when using that word . I agree that the muzzle sizing .120 of an inch from point of aim in a gun fight or SD/HD situation at 15yds , is in fact insignificant . That does not mean that .120" movement is not measurable on the target , just that nobody cares because it has no effect on the task at hand .

Well that is , unless someone says there is zero rise in the muzzle before the bullet leaves the barrel . At that point .120" muzzle rise becomes VERY significant in the conversation .

Or am I out in left field on this ?
 
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In the semi-automatic pistol, some of the coupling is from friction, some from the preload on the recoil spring, some from the linkage to the frame as long as the barrel and slide are still locked, and some from the effort required to cock the gun. The last one is usually the lion's share of it.
Yes! I was thinking about this in the shower this morning and realized I had been neglecting the cocking force in a hammer fired gun.

I had been thinking exclusively in terms of striker-fired guns which cock on the closing stroke, not the opening stroke. In hammer fired guns, the force required to cock the hammer can be significant and would provide additional coupling between the slide/barrel combo and the frame during the time when the bullet is still in the bore.

45_auto, in his thorough analysis, used a hammer fired gun, so the results he derived should be fairly representative of that genre.
Am I wrong in think the significates of something is relative to the person who is evaluating it and what they are trying to accomplish .
To some extent.

A 2" difference in POI at 25 yards would be significant to some and insignificant to others. A difference of 0.05" at 25 yards is pretty much insignificant to anyone. A difference of 12" at 25 yards is going to be significant to almost anyone.

A very general rule of thumb is that if an effect yields a result that is 10X smaller than the other contributors, then it can be called insignificant without too much fear of contradiction.

As an example, let's say I can shoot groups of 3" at 25 yards consistently. A point of impact error an order of magnitude smaller than that would be about 0.3". It's probably safe to say that a POI error of 0.3" at 25yards is insignificant to a person who is shooting groups of 3" in size at that distance.
Well that is , unless someone says there is zero rise in the muzzle before the bullet leaves the barrel.
I feel safe in saying that there will be muzzle rise in any real world pistol before the bullet leaves the barrel. I feel similarly safe in saying that in certain types of semi-autos, the amount of muzzle rise while the bullet is in the bore--and the result on target--is insignificant.
 
I feel safe in saying that there will be muzzle rise in any real world pistol before the bullet leaves the barrel. I feel similarly safe in saying that in certain types of semi-autos, the amount of muzzle rise while the bullet is in the bore--and the result on target--is insignificant.

Not that it matters to most but I can except that answer and move on .

Thank you for taking the time to post a response .
 
I have most of what I need to do a test at the range.

I have one brand of ammo in 3 bullet weights--3 boxes in the same caliber from the same company each with a different bullet weight.

The first test will consist of firing groups of each bullet weight through the same gun (striker-fired, locked breech, recoil-operated, semi-auto) using the same point of aim. This will show any difference in the point of impact between the different bullet weights.

The second part of the test will consist of firing the same groups again using each different bullet weight, but this time the slide will be constrained so it can't move. That will turn the gun into almost a revolver configuration where the slide and barrel are fixed to the frame.

The second part is what's holding me up. I think I have a way to lock the slide to the frame, but I can't find exactly what I need to do it in such a way that I have very high confidence I won't screw the gun up in the process. I know I could just hold the slide closed by putting my thumb against the back of it (I've done this in the past) but I don't want to alter how I hold the gun between the two parts of the test so that's out.

The test will show how muzzle rise affects point of impact differently in a gun where in one case the slide is essentially fixed to the frame at the moment of firing vs. being able to reciprocate while the bullet is in the bore with only the recoil spring coupling the slide/barrel to the frame. Because the gun is striker-fired, there won't even be cocking force coupling the slide/barrel and frame.

I just need to see if I can find exactly what I want and then maybe do a little bit of experimentation to convince myself it won't damage the gun.
 
I look forward to the results . I'd add to make sure what ever you use to clamp/pinch the frame and slide together . It does not weigh much or have it's weight off center ( off more to one side ) of the gun . Extra weight and that weight pulling/dragging the gun to one side or even down can effect how the gun will move/recoil .

Meaning you put a C clamp on the slide and barrel that weighs half the weight of the gun . You'll likely get less muzzle rise do to the extra weight . I say C clamp because off the top of my head that's the quickest least damaging way to hold the frame and slide together . Just have it grab a little of each with leather in between and that should pinch them together keeping them from moving .
 
What I'm thinking of doing is looping a zip tie around the front of the triggerguard and then up around the back of the slide. Maybe with some plastic/rubber tubing on the zip tie where it goes around the triggerguard to protect the plastic frame material.

Obviously it would take a new zip tie for each shot.

The weight addition should be tiny, and whatever weight addition there is would be balanced well. I'm just a little concerned about how much force will be abruptly applied to the front of the triggerguard every time the gun is fired.

It might also be able to come up under the triggerguard on the frontstrap instead of looping around the front of the triggerguard.

I hadn't thought about trying to use a clamp--I agree that the weight addition of a clamp could change recoil characteristics slightly.
 
Things like this can sure get complicated on a forum as guys with different opinions start to politely argue. If I were to look at the situation between the two bullet weights, I would resort to my experiences from about a hundred years ago when I shot competition with a 1911. If I needed to raise the poi, I simply lowered the powder weight, or did the opposite if I needed to lower the poi, simply raise the powder weight.
I never had a problem using this method, and it was simple and worked for me....and I didn't have to argue the method with anyone...
 
OP please regard what I say as insignificant
You're shooting 2" South and Uncle Nick is shooting 2" North by replacing the stop plate.Issue resolved and in addition as a bonus you get less felt recoil and according to well regarded authorities on the subject improved reliability.
 
Ran some numbers that some may find interesting.

I measured the boreline vs. sightline angle for a Glock 17. The bore is angled UPWARD at about a 0.26 degree angle compared to the sight line. Basic trig (neglecting the effects of gravity on the trajectory) says that would put the bullet about 4 inches ABOVE the line of sight at 25 yards. The gun actually shoots between 2 and 3 inches above the line of sight at 25 yards.

In other words, this particular gun (coupling between slide and frame via only recoil spring while the bullet is in the bore) appears to have no compensation at all built into the boreline/sightline angle to handle muzzle rise while the bullet is in the bore.

Compare that to my Ruger GP100 revolver where the boreline is angled DOWNWARD with respect to the sightline by about 1.52 degrees. Basic trig (again neglecting the effects of gravity on the trajectory) says that angle would put the bullet about 24 inches BELOW the line of sight at 25 yards. The gun actually shoots pretty much the same as the Glock--bullets impact a few inches high at 25 yards.

Obviously, then, there's a huge amount (relatively speaking) of compensation built into the GP100 (barrel fixed to the frame) to account for muzzle rise while the bullet is in the bore.
 
In this closed firing position the barrel is therefore situated not parallel with the top of the frame and breech-slide, but the axis of the closed barrel inclines forward and downward at a considerable angle; however, as both ends of the barrel are firmly secured in this position, and as on firing a shot the inertia of the heavy breechslide and of the barrel delays the rearward movement of these parts until after the bullet has passed from the muzzle of the barrel, the inclined position of the barrel does not affect the accuracy of the arm.

In consequence of the depressed position of the muzzle of the barrel at firing, the front sight upon the breech-slide may be much lower than it would have to be if the muzzle were raised and the barrel were parallel to the breech-slide. The low front sight is a decided advantage in a military pistol, because it facilitates the drawing of the arm from its holster; whereas a high front sight forms a projection very liable to catch and to interfere with the ready drawing of the pistol.
And this is what the Master hisself has to say about the subject,Thank you John.
 
If we are to interpret what JB says to mean that there is no change in the vertical plane of the barrel until after the bullet has left, then it means all bullets, regardless of weight or velocity, begin their path on the same plane.

Thus any vertical difference in impact should only have to account for bullet drop over distance and can be calculated knowing the bullet’s weight, speed and ballistic coefficient.

On the other hand, if the data shows there is any effect on vertical POI that can be attributed to muzzle rise while the bullet is still in the barrel, with different bullet weights and at different velocities and different calculated recoil force, then JB was wrong.

Added: I should add that JB would be wrong under my strict interpretation of what he says.
 
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And this is what the Master hisself has to say about the subject...
Just for clarification, I've not done any comparisons at all between the top of the slide and the boreline. All the comparisons I've done have been between the sightline and the boreline. I have no information on whether the sightline or boreline are aligned with the top of the slide or not.
If we are to interpret what JB says to mean that there is no change in the vertical plane of the barrel until after the bullet has left, then it means all bullets, regardless of weight or velocity, begin their path on the same plane.
It is clear that there is some muzzle rise during the time the bullet is in the bore, due to the coupling effect of the recoil spring and the hammer spring. It is equally clear that the amount of muzzle rise while the bullet is in the bore can not be very large based on the boreline/sightline analysis.
...on firing a shot the inertia of the heavy breechslide and of the barrel delays the rearward movement of these parts until after the bullet has passed from the muzzle of the barrel...
At the risk of being accused of heresy, this statement can not be literally true. It's unclear if JMB knew that, strictly speaking, this statement was not literally true and he was simplifying the description or if he truly believed that the parts in question actually exhibited no "rearward movement" at all "until after the bullet has passed from the muzzle".

I would vote for the idea that he was simplifying things since the fact that the design allows for motion before unlocking seems to strongly imply that the designer understood that there would be motion while the bullet was in the bore--but not enough motion to allow unlocking. In other words, the inertia is enough to delay unlocking until after bullet exit, but it certainly does not delay motion.
 
And this is what the Master hisself has to say about the subject...

Just for clarification, I've not done any comparisons at all between the top of the slide and the boreline. All the comparisons I've done have been between the sightline and the boreline. I have no information on whether the sightline or boreline are aligned with the top of the slide or not.

Hey , I think anyone that agrees with my is a master as well . I mean , how could they not be .;)
 
At the risk of being accused of heresy, this statement can not be literally true. It's unclear if JMB knew that, strictly speaking, this statement was not literally true and he was simplifying the description or if he truly believed that the parts in question actually exhibited no "rearward movement" at all "until after the bullet has passed from the muzzle".
Browning does not say that they exhibit no rearward movement,he knew much better,he rather says that movement is delayed until the bullet has exited which is when pressure becomes safe and the breech unlocks.Because of the confusion that has been present over the word delay the sequence of events following firing is misunderstood by many.Browning uses friction,inertia and springs resistance to slow the slide motion much in the way gibs are used to control the ways in machinery.A clear example is the delayed blow back system
in which restrictions are used to momentarily delay rearward slide motion.
 
Polyphemus,

Your suggestion that the OP add a square bottom firing pin stop for 200-grain ammo is a good one. I wish I knew what range he was shooting at so we could see if the change I got (at 50 ft) matches his or not. But even if it were only a partial correction, he might be satisfied with it. EGW originally only made these stops for custom fitting to a gun, and I spent a good deal of time with a diamond hone getting mine to fit. Now they have one for $15 that is drop-in for GI compatible slides. Anyone who is interested in trying this and is unsure about their model should call and ask which one it needs. 215-538-1012. I know the Series 80 is different.

The square bottom firing pin stop adds about 25% to the initial hammer cocking effort, based on its contact point distance from the center of the hammer pin. The exact force in pounds will vary with your mainspring choice and whether or not you have a hammer with the strut pin located as in a GI hammer or as in a Goldcup hammer.

The human nervous system has trouble discerning force changes under about 10%, but 25% presents a clear difference in feel, which is why the ordnance folks found it worth the expense of adding the machining operation to radius the bottom of the slide stop.


John,

I've been rethinking the distribution of the momenta. Looking at the Browning quote on page 2, I realize he is suggesting the locked gun behaves almost like a single shot except for the momentum going into the slide within the unlocking distance. In other words, if you glued the slide and barrel together and pulled back on the slide with the hammer already cocked and the recoil spring removed, you would get all the force transferred to your hand by the frame via the barrel link and assembly pin, despite the link's near vertical position.

When Browning designed that locking mechanism (model 1900?), other semi-auto pistols were straight blow-back. In a straight blow-back design, all the reaction inertia goes into the slide and recoil spring and cocking. But in 45 ACP, straight blow-back requires a massive slide to absorb the momentum left over after allowing for the recoil spring force and cocking effort, as you see in the polymer-frame Hi-Point. Indeed, despite the Hi-Point's polymer frame, one of the commenting readers at the end of that post says that while the claimed weight is 35 ounces, his copy weighs 43.4 ounces without a magazine. So that slide is hefty. Brownings design diverts a significant portion of the momentum into the frame so the slide doesn't have to be that massive.

So I think the main thing the added cocking effort from the square bottom firing pin does is increase the delay in unlocking the slide from the frame. That increases the portion of the momentum going into the frame via the link pin to the link to the assembly pin on the slide stop. It makes the momentum much more straight back and absorbable by the hand.
 
Brownings design diverts a significant portion of the momentum into the frame so the slide doesn't have to be that massive.
There were two revolutionary aspects of Browning's design.

1. Adding the weight of the barrel to the recoiling mass allowed him to increase the effective mass of the slide without increasing the overall weight of the gun significantly.

2. Locking the slide and the barrel together for the first part of slide travel prevents opening the breech until the bullet leaves the barrel, preventing brass failure. Whether he fully understood it or not, it set up a momentum balance that virtually eliminates early opening, even over a wide range of bullet weights and velocities.

A straight blowback can only hold the breech closed long enough to prevent brass failure by recoil spring force and inertia--primarily the latter. For powerful cartridges that means a heavy slide and a strong recoil spring both of which are undesirable. In addition, when the slide reaches the end of travel, nearly all of its momentum is transferred to the frame in one event, resulting in a lot of felt recoil.

Browning's design also reduces felt recoil by spreading out the impact into the frame. Initially, some of the recoil force (not a lot, but some) is transferred to the frame via the cocking effort to the hammer in hammer-fired guns. Then, after the initial travel of the slide/barrel combination, the barrel unlocks and stops, transferring part of the recoil force to the frame. Then the slide continues backwards, eventually completing its travel and transferring the remaining recoil force to the frame.

For a given bullet momentum, the slide velocity at the end of travel is reduced by adding the barrel weight to the recoiling mass which reduces the slide velocity and mass (therefore reducing its momentum two ways) and then, in addition, the recoiling mass is transferred to the frame in multiple events--cocking force, barrel unlocking/stop, slide stopping.

And, on top of that, you get very little muzzle rise before the bullet exits because there's only relatively weak coupling between the recoiling mass and the frame until unlocking happens. That means the gun is less sensitive to grip variations and (as he points out) can have a shorter front sight since very little compensation for muzzle rise is necessary.
 
My conclusion was there is more being coupled to the frame than I thought. The basis is the amount muzzle jump is tamed by adding only 25% to the cocking effort, suggesting the added delay is controlling that momentum ratio some. What's missing is how much friction between the locking lugs and their recesses plays a role. I'll see if I can't scratch that out on the back of the proverbial napkin and bring back a number.
 
My conclusion was there is more being coupled to the frame than I thought.
The boreline-sightline comparison places a hard limit on how much coupling there can be--or at least on how much effect it is having. There's simply no way for the coupling to be causing significant muzzle rise if the boreline-sightline comparison shows that the bore is already angled sufficiently upwards to result in proper impact on the target before the trigger is pulled.

I know I keep coming back to this, but it's a very nice way to bound the solution. I mean, if the goal is to find out how much the muzzle rises between trigger pull and bullet exit and a boreline-sightline comparison is consistent with the desired point of impact with the gun completely at rest, how much additional muzzle rise can be happening before the bullet exits the bore?
I'll see if I can't scratch that out on the back of the proverbial napkin and bring back a number.
Take a look at 45_auto's analysis that I linked to earlier. It may give you a head start and provide some useful insights.
 
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