Depends on what you consider wear
It really isn't wear as much as it is surface embrittlement from the produced gas. The gas produced upon firing is a mix of carbon dioxide/monoxide, nitrogen oxides,ammonia, water and nitrogen with traces of other stuff. The nitrogen and carbon containing gases are the most at culprit.
After repeated firing, these gases diffuse into the barrel, increasing the surface hardness and causing a loss of elasticity. Repeatedly, this causes a network of small surface cracks to spread over the throat. This effect eventually allows small pieces of the bore to be broken off, resulting in a rough throat.
The most effective prevention is chrome plating which is impervious to diffusion. Stainless steel is only slightly better than chrome-moly or "blue steel" as it still is mostly iron, the species most suseptible to nitriding/carburizing.