handgun or rifle????
You don't mention whether you will loading the ammo in a carbine or handgun/revolver. Either way, ..............
Avoid the SD loads of 110, 125, 140, etc and stick to heavy bullets 158 and up. From a carbine, the 180's look interesting on paper, but I have never shot them.
A .357 w/ correct heavy bullet is a 100 yd deer ctg. Period. Half the distance is better. Not ideal, but the .357, esp from a carbine, will suffice if loaded and applied properly within its range. Which is short. And it may not be a legal big game ctg in some states.
Regards 250 yd and 600 yd shots w/ a .357, I cannot find a specific 158 gr table, but if zeroed "on" at 100, a .357/180 will be approaching 3 feet LOW at 250 yds, and over 6 feet LOW at 300. At 500 yds, it will be near 25- 30 FEET low, traveling less than 700 fps. My source only goes to 500, but at 600 yds, one could figure about 600 or less fps and a near 35- 40 FOOT drop, with only 150 or so ft lbs of energy. Fun on paper or steel, but not a deer hunting ctg for those distances.
I have shot a number of road crippled deer w/ .357 revolver and carbine, but with the "wrong" bullet, a 125 JHP at point blank to long rock throwing distance. It worked, but a .22 would have as well, which is what I now keep on hand for such tasks.
Typically, I will carry a .357 Marlin a time or two during our long deer season. It is absolutely the lightest, most portable carbine I own. When I do, its loaded w/ 158 JHP, and used in thick, rough, steep cover from elevated stands where shots are bow range short.