A few outfitter tips
I administered special use permits on the Gila NF for a few years--awesome elk country--and here are my suggestions:
Any public land worth hunting will have quite a few permitted outfitter/guides who are regulated by the land use agency. I'd contact five of them, then winnow down the list to three based on your budget and the type of services you want. Some questions to ask of the short list:
What's the guide's role? Will he/she guide you to animals, or to an area, or just pack in/drop off?
Think about how you want to hunt--western elk in most areas are not terribly challenging unless you want a really huge bull. If you're a pretty serious hunter, unafraid to cover ground and hunt intensely all day long, then I'd suggest you spend more money on the pack in/out, and camp comforts than on a guide-to-animal hunt. If you need the help finding the critter, then care a bit less about camp comfort and go for a guy who can sniff 'em from a mile. Well, at least a few hundred yards. And if you have time for preseason scouting, give serious consideration to just doing it yourself. And for that matter, if you just want a bit of elk meat and a great time doing it, think about hunting one of the less-hot areas that might have prettier scenery or interesting areas to poke around in while hunting, like old mining districts. Likely get your elk and see some parts of the country most folks don't.
If packed in by horse, what are the expectations of guests? Experience level needed? Will you have the use of your horse through the hunt, or just for pack in/out?
Food. Who cooks? What is the typical menu? What expectations of guests? What if anything does the guest supply?
Area: Where does the guide like to take hunters? Why? What's his philosophy of guiding? What does he look for for a "hotspot." Don't expect secret areas to be divulged, but he should show a strong, confident command of hunting the relevant species. Ask him the routine of a typical day--and I'd be a bit leery of a guide who doesn't hunt midday; I've bagged my last two elk right between 2 and 3 p.m.
BUSINESS: This is probably the most important for a happy hunt--is the guy a real businessman, or is he doing this on the side. It is not at all uncommon for folks in western rural areas do get by with 2 to 4 regular seasonal jobs--in Catron County when I was there, it was ranching or logging and guiding typically. So ask them if they guide year around, and if not, what they do off season. Find out a bit about their off-season business--the more stable, well grounded that is, the more likely they run their guide service the same way.
I would be reluctant to hunt with anyone who's been in the business less than five years in a given locale. Of the permitted guides we had, about 1/5 of them were pretty worthless; the others ran the gamut from fair to awesome. Business questions:
Are you incorporated? How long in business in this area, under your current name? Where are you permitted? Any business licenses (which may or may not be necessary) How many folks do you employee? Are they all within your family? If non-family, how long have they been with you (beware the guy who's guided ten years and has, say, three employees with only a year or two with him). What forests or districts are you permitted to hunt? Who is the special uses administrator who oversees your permit(s)? You might ask who the local G&F guy is, and if that person would mind a call from you.
References are necessary--try and get a couple out of state and at least one that is close to the guide's hometown--all preferably repeat customers. Ask each if they know any other clients, and try to get at least one reference from a client rather than the guide.
Find out how they pack out the animal, and how they handle field dressing. Personally, I wonder about anyone who doesn't cool the critter as fast as humanly possible--if you use a traditional gutting process, then they should be skinned as quickly as possible and hung asap. My opinion, quicker chilled, yummier meat.
Obviously, you want to ask about success rates, quality of animals and so on. For the money you're going to spend, you should have at least an hour or two focused conversation to cover the ground. Once you've narrowed it down to your favorite, if the hunt is USFS ground, call the district ranger station where the person is based (guide can tell you that) and find out who administers special uses--it may be at the district, or nowadays with the stupid USFS budget cutting, at the next level up, the Forest Supervisor's office. Ask that person if the guide you've chosen has any complaints against his permit, and if the FS has ever taken action against him. If so, I'd start looking elsewhere. And hopefully, the FS person had done field visits to the guide's camp--so ask him what kind of camp he runs; how his animals are cared for; whether the camp is clean, etc. FS employees can't give you a personal recommendation, but they have to report formal action or complaints lodged--those are public record.
Lastly, chat the FS person up--again, they won't be able to say "great guy" or whatever, but you can talk generally about hunting areas, issues with guides, problems to watch out for. Be courteous, treat the FS folks as you would a friend, and ask first if "now's a good time to talk for a bit about my once in a lifetime trip out there, or should I call you back at a more convenient time?" Most FS folks are so used to being chewed on by irate enviros, mad ranchers, and stupid hunters that a kind, civilized approach can reap a harvest of information.
And yes, alas, there are stupid hunters out there--like two Texans that came in the day I started working on the district--demanded to know a good hunting area--and my secretary began to give them some info. One brusquely interrupted--"NO, missy! We want to talk to a MAN!" Well; she graciously didn't say anything, and I stuck my head in through the doorway, gave them a big smile, and then gave them directions to some random section on a forest that I'd never ever seen before. And what the hunters did NOT see was the photograph on my secretary's desk--facing away from them--which displayed the largest buck taken in the county that year--plopped square in the back of my sec's beat up old jeep. Yup--they diss'd the girl that brought home one honking huge mulie that year. Dumb.
You're smarter, or you wouldn't be reading this....so go forth, and have some serious fun! And alas, my time in the woods was a decade ago, so I can't really give any good recommendations any more. But a bit of work will get you a pretty good hunt..... And yes, most of the guides are as good a folk as you can find, but there are some ringers and the time you spend sorting through them is the next most important thing to that final stalk....