Your Model 1908 Brazilian Mauser is likely chambered in 7X57, aka 7mm Mauser. Many were rebarreled to 30-06 in the 1950s as the USA became the arms supplier of choice, although yours would be marked 08-30 if it had been rebarreled. As 44AMP said, 7X57 in the USA is loaded well below the SAAMI max of 51,000 psi, in Europe it is more often loaded to CIE max of 57,000 psi, and 7X57 military ammo was loaded hot.
The Model 1908 is a standard Mauser 98 action, and is plenty strong. The same action could be purchased from Mauser or any of the other suppliers chambered in 7X57, 8X57, 7.65X53, 30-06, and too many others to list.