Also consider the largest sized game you will be tackling with this rifle. Here is a breakdown as I see it.
30-06: Love mine but it is simply TOO MUCH gun for our southern whitetail at full stroke but would be great for western mulies at 300+ yards or even elk/moose with the right bullets.
270: a tad behind the 06 in terms of overkill and meat damage and even better shooting at range making it a dandy bean field or western rifle. Much like the 30-06 ammo is readily available and reasonably priced.
25-06 perfect pronghorn rifle and a dandy whitetail whitetail setup but pushing it's luck on game larger then mulies. Very flat shooting in general even slightly more so then the 270. Only downside is ammo tends to be pricy if you don't handload though Hornady and Prvi make a reasonably priced product. Handlaoders love this caliber we can do so much with it.
243: All you ever need to kill a deer inside 300 yards, though when you have to blood trail one sometimes it leaves something to be desired. Very low recoil and a very flat shooter. Great duel purpose varmint/deer gun.
260: Rem per pound of recoil this is simply the most efficient killer on the block mostly due to its very aerodynamic javelin like projectiles and even the light for caliber bullets rank very high due to the tight standard twists of the rifles. Tough enough to tackle elk with stout 140gr-160gr bullets. Factory ammo is a pain to find in person but you can get better prices online anyway. Reloaders and long ranged shooters love 6.5mm bores for good reason.
7mm-08: another favorite of mine, all the punch of a 270 win in a short action package, much like the 260 it packs alot of punch for it's recoil, deer don't stand a chance and even elk/moose shutter at the thought of a 160gr bonded bullet. Ammo is never hard to find but is often expensive locally, lower prices online, but if you don't reload I recommend the 308.
308 Win: This is simply the "do it all" utility caliber for the non-reloader, the 308 is remarkably well rounded and comes in a wide variety of factory loads and in almost every rifle configuration you could imagine. Recoil is tolerable, though not enjoyable, ammo is everywhere and affordable.
The Magnums: 7mm Rem Mag, 270/300 WSM, 300 Win Mag are all real go getters with huge long range credentials. But it is not very often that we encounter large game at the kind of range to justify such firepower. Using such a cartridge up close is as destructive as it is silly IMHO. I own a 270 WSM and there is only one place I hunt with it an 1,100yard peanut field my friend owns. The speed I get with that thing is staggering. But there is a price to pay for such speed/power the ammo often costs twice as much as conventional cartridges, the recoil can be fierce, and to get that speed they require longer/heavier barrels.