A fully supported chamber means that the brass cartridge case touches the chamber walls from the mouth to the extraction groove all aroung the case. An unsupported chamber has part of the feed ramp extending into this area, so that the brass case isn't touching the chamber. This causes the brass case to expand into this gap when the pistol is fired; producing a "bulge" in the brass case.
As reloading dies need some degree of an opening taper to work smoothly, especially in a progressive press, they cannot totally remove this bulge at the bottom of the case. This is why Glock says not to reload cases fired in a Glock, because they typically have unsuported chambers in their guns. I think Glock now makes a couple of models that do use a fully supported chamber; and some of the aftermarket barrels for Glocks have fully supported chambers.