If the thread was 6-48, you can get "oversized" 6-48 taps and screws from Brownells. No need to drill it to tap it larger.
If you drilled it out too large, you can convert to 8-40 by using a #28 drill and 8-40 plug and bottom taps.
(If a hole is shallow, I often cut one flute in a screw with a Moto-Tool cutting disk to act as a tap and get an extra turn or two.)
JP