I used to shoot shot out of an old Spanish 12.5 mm reproduction horse pistol I had back in the 60s. I rolled newspaper around a dowel rod, folded and tied the bottom and filled the tube with shot. They were easy to load but weren't effective past about 20 yards and it was a smoothbore. I don't think any damage would result to the rifling but, like Mike said, the pattern is going to be spread by the rifling. Unless your rifle is .58 or larger, I would be afraid it wouldn't hold a large enough shot charge to be effective on turkeys and even then only at really close range.
Steve