It basically comes down to "there's more than one way to skin a cat"!
99% of fire trains have 4 parts in one form or another.
Trigger,
Sear,
Firing pin (or striker),
Bolt (Or other breech closure device).
Blocking any of the parts in the firing chain should , in theory prevent firing, so depending on the individual designs different parts of the train can be immobilized to make a "Safety".
Some lock things directly, others indirectly by blocking another part that would interact with the essential component, some also do double duty, immobilizing the bolt as well.
Some block the trigger (Garand, M1a), some block the sear (FAL), others block the striker/firing pin & bolt (Lee Enfield) others lock the striker (Mauser) & so on. This is way over-simplified but gives an idea of the options out there. One of those multiple firearms assembly/dis assembly guides should give you lots of research material as they usually have exploded diagrams of the actions of a bunch of different types.