The Model 19 is built on the K-frame, the 586/686 on the beefier L-frame. The 19 is a bit lighter and skinnier than the 686, and the cylinder has less mass and circumference. The K-frame does not stand up infinitely to a steady diet of full-house Magnum loads, whereas the L-frame will endure Magnum poundings indefinitely.
The L-frame is a bit meatier in many areas, and it has a bigger and uncompromised forcing cone. You'll notice that the forcing cone on a K-frame is flattened at the bottom to allow the crane to lock into the frame. The L-frame has more generous dimensions in that area and does not require the lightening of the forcing cone, which has a tendency to delevop cracks in a K-frame when using lots of hot Magnum loads.
That said, a K-frame revolver will tolerate a significant amount of Magnums, and a Model 19 is one of the best-balancing and most graceful revolvers ever produced anywhere.