While I agree with your assessment, if he is hunting in Indiana then .30-30 isn't an option. Pistol caliber or slug only.If you're sold on the .44 Mag, and realize it's limitations, go for it, but it wouldn't be the deer rifle caliber of choice for all-around deer hunting. The 30-30 is even a better choice, IMHO.
Same thing. Not an option.The fall-back position is that deer cartridges include the .44 mag, and either of the two rifles you mention would meet your minimum needs. I'd look to more powerful cartridges for more flexibility, like the 7mm-08, .308 Win, 30-06, or .270 Win.
Rifles with cartridges that fire a bullet
of .357-inch diameter or larger; have a
minimum case length of 1.16 inches; and
have a maximum case length of 1.625 inches
are legal to use only during the deer firearm
season. Some cartridges legal for deer
hunting include the .357 Magnum, .38-.40
Winchester, .41 Magnum, .41 Special, .44
Magnum, .44 Special, .44-.40 Winchester,
.45 Colt, .454 Casull, .458 SOCOM, .475
Linebaugh, .480 Ruger, .50 Action Express,
and .500 S&W.
I do not want to use a slug from a shotgun, because I personally like to reload my own ammo.