This is going back to before 9/11/01, so I don't know if its still availiable to the public now, but one of the best places to shoot anywhere around Richmond used to be the public outdoor firing range that was located on, or maybe it was just off, the grounds of Ft. Lee, between Colonial Heights and Hopewell. Its probably 15-20 miles from Richmond. You could fire pistols, rifles, or shotguns there. I taught my kids to shoot on that range. I don't think anyone ever asked what I was shooting.
That range was only open to the public at certain times of the week, and it was tough to find. I haven't lived in that area for over ten years now, and I can't remember the directions well enough to be sure I can get you to it - but maybe somebody on the forum can, if its still operating.
The general direction you'd take from Richmond to get there would to be to go south on I-95 a few miles past the Chester exits and then in the Colonial Heights vicinity, take the first exit to Southpark Mall (can't remember the name of that road; maybe it was Temple?), then travel east on that road passing Southpark mall on your right and a shopping center across from the mall on your left. A half mile to a mile past Southpark mall, it seems like I passed over a little creek and then turned left at the next light. From there, my memory is a little hazy. I think I took that road to where it ended in a T-intersection with another paved road, and then right across the intersection from where I stopped there was a metal gate and a dirt road that looked like it was part of Ft. Lee. That gate was open whenever the public range was open, but the first time I went there I remember worrying that I might be arrested for trespassing onto the base with a weapon. But the public range was down at the end of that dirt road. Whether it was actually on the base or not, or just off it, I don't know, but you passed an Army firing range on that dirt road before you got to the public range.
Some police officers from the Colonial Heights PD and Petersburg PD, and probably Hopewell PD used to shoot at that public range, so maybe you could contact one of those Departments to learn if its still open and can get better directions. I don't guarantee mine to do anything but get you to the general vicinity.