Congradulations on successfully taking the sideplate off!
If the sideplate went on OK and seated all the way down, and the gun functioned, then you have the hammer block in correctly.
As you have found out, the Smith's aren't all that hard to get apart, nor are they too mysterious inside.
If you decide to take all the insides out sometime, you need to take the mainspring out all the way. The hammer is next, and needs to be about halfway back to come out. The trigger eturn slide has a hole and a spring in the back end of it. I take a small screwdriver that will fit into the hole beside the pin at the back of it, and stick the screwdriver into the hole, raising it slowly. when you get it up to a certain point, the spring will seek to assert it's freedom (fly off across the room) if you are not careful with it. It's rather strong. After that point, all else is fairly simple. When reassembling the trigger return slide, I use a screwdriver to compress the spring into the slide body, and work the slide back down into it's place. Getting the spring compressed and back down behind the pin is the tricky part, but if you are careful, it is not too tough. Allow yourself several bad words when doing this the first few times.
With the sideplate off, before taking parts out, and while taking parts out, cycle the trigger a few times, watching the action of the cylinder locking bolt, and the hand(the thing that moves the cylinder).(and little or no mainspring tension, you'll have to move the hammer manually, and have the cylinder in place at first) Observing these parts working will help you get them back in place correctly when you understand what they do.
Medium magnum loads should do fine in your gun. The problem, as I understand it, with the medium frame magnums, came about when 125 gr magnum loads became popular. The problem has something to do with the pressure curve, or burn rate of the 125 gr loads, they tended to crack the rear end of the barrel, mostly at the bottom. For some reason this did not seem to occur with 158 gr magnum loads. There has been a fair ampount of discussion on the smith-wessonforum site on this topic. Some posters there say they have shot magnum loads in model 19 and 66's for many years with no trouble, but tended to avoid the 125 gr loads. Some said they used a lot of 125 gr loads and had no trouble from them either. As for me, i would use 125's sparingly, for carry loads if you wanted, but shoot mostly 38 spl's or 158 gr magnum loads in it. I personally don't care for the sharp muzzle blast of full power 357 loads, so I don't shoot them much. I find 44 mag muzzle blast, even from a 4" barrel, to be more tolerable.
Enjoy your gun, it should give you long years of service. I think it's one of the true classic Smiths, and one of the best balanced and handling Smiths ever made.