A 'Pass Theough' lathe head makes this a snap.
Simply order a chamber reamer with the 'Leade' or 'Free Bore' you are looking for,
Move the barrel backwards in the reciever, adding a couple extra threads, trimming the chamber end of the barrel.
Once the barrel is trimmed, you simply screw the reciever back on the barrel and take your time, shave a little off the chamber (chamber reamer) and try the bolt with a SAAMI spec. round or dummy round.
I use a plastic filiment (Plasti-Gauge) to determine headspace clearance, down to 0.0005",
And then check freebore to see if its where I want it.
I cut chambers in three cuts when I'm doing custom barrels,
All in one to get *About* where I'm going,
Then cut the body with the shoulder where it should be,
Then cut the throat/free bore where I want it,
Sometimes ending with a fourth cut for the taper into the rifling...
Depends on if the firearm is shooting a round nose bullet or long, high BC bullet.
99.99% of the time an all in one chamber reamer is just fine, but be aware different companies grind reamers differently, a 'SAAMI' reamer doesn't always produce 'SAAMI' chambers, and its usually the fault of the reamer since it wasn't SAAMI to start with...
Factory reamers are often the worst,
They are really LONG bars of reamer stock, as they dull they are RE-sharpened in house,
Usually on a profile grinder that's older than I am, NOT CNC,
One speck of dust or grit or shaving on the profile ramps and you get an odd shaped reamer...
I order my SHORT reamers from reputable companies that produce on CNC hardware, use as large/rigid extention bar as I can get away with,
And lube the crap out of the cutter/chamber,
Result is a nice, smooth chamber that is dead stright with the bore,
And if needed for some odd chamber, cut it in three or four steps.
No misaligned reamers on skinny/flexable rods pulled into the barrel from the muzzle, unsupported from the chamber end,
No 'Reground' reamers on worn, antique machines,
No reaming until the bolt closes on a dummy and calling it 'Good'...