You can do what you propose. It will be a crap shoot if the new one fits within GO and NOGO gage range. If it does not, you will need a way to shorten or lengthen the chamber. That is usually done by cutting the shoulder or cutting the chamber.
Most pro’s won’t refit a barrel. I would guess most hobbyists cut the shoulder about 1 turn and then cut the chamber deeper until the GO gage just fits.
Then of course there is the question of should the action be true’d? Should threads be cut oversized? Once you do this, refitting barrels is a no go.
…..and down the rabbit hole you go!