Postmodernism.

Keiller TN

New member
I think the following description of postmodern thinking's enfluence on the Florida vote grab also applies to Washington's attitude toward the 2nd Amendment.


Democratic operatives spun a sanctimonious paradigm of simply wanting every vote to count. Students of postmodernism know, however, that postmodernist hermeneutics does not believe in respecting an author's—or, by extension, a voter's—original intention. Objective meaning is inherently indeterminate, they believe, so it is completely legitimate to construct a paradigm that advances the power interests of your side.

According to these tenets, assiduously taught in just these terms in the nation's universities, contradictions of logic or morality need not get in the way. One may assert transcendent principles—such as the objective rights of voters—as a rhetorical ploy to persuade public opinion, but then work to get the ballots of military men and women thrown out on hyper-technical interpretive grounds, without worrying about the inconsistency.

Also, since every truth claim is ultimately a matter of personal preference and since logic is not valid, arguments are refuted with ad hominem attacks. The goal: Destroy your opponents personally, go after their reputations, give them a negative image, make them appear ridiculous and incapable of being taken seriously. Thus, the media trashing of Florida Secretary of State Katherine Harris, who was vilified and ridiculed, in the vilest, most personal terms, for doing her job and standing up for an objective legal deadline.

Republicans, with their naive modernism or genteel premodernism, tend not to be so cynical, and have trouble coping with or even understanding what they are up against. They need to realize that, for postmodernists, the only thing that counts is power. Without any moral restraints—in the cosmic absence, in Mr. Gore's words, of the very possibility of any "controlling legal authority"—all that remains is the sheer exercise of power. Those who think in these terms are too cynical to be moved by moral or legal or rational scruples and will be utterly ruthless in their pursuit and exercise of this power.

On Nov. 20, the issue was in the courts. The founders, who so carefully checked and balanced the executive and legislative branches, assumed that the courts would be checked by the constitution. But in their touchingly premodern way, they had no conception of postmodern legal theory, by which courts do not just discover what the laws and the Constitution say. Rather, the law and the Constitution itself are matters of "interpretation," and the rulings of a court are legal "constructions."

As of the time of this writing, no one knows how Florida's judicial powers will rule. They may adjudicate the objective facts according to an objective legal standard. Or they may construct a ruling according to their own ideology, emulating the justices who constructed the right to an abortion.

But, however the election goes, Americans should be asking whether political institutions that originated in a worldview resting on transcendent absolutes can survive if the culture no longer believes in any of them. What were for the founders "self-evident truths"—belief in a Creator who endowed "inalienable" rights—are no longer self-evident. Indeed, in many circles they are routinely dismissed as unworthy of discussion. Rights are a social construction, not grounded in any kind of transcendent God. But, as postmodernists have shown, what is constructed can be deconstructed, and rights created by the state can be taken away by the state.

One tenet of postmodernism has not been brought up in public, and for good reason. According to postmodernism, freedom is an illusion. Our sense that we can do as we please is itself a social construction. According to the poster child of postmodernism, Michel Foucault, Western democracies are not free at all. Indeed, they are the easiest to control. This is because those in power make their citizens control themselves. This is far more efficient than a police state, since each individual, imagining that he is free but in reality internalizing the values of those in power, becomes his own policeman. And they are so easy to manipulate.

(This is an excerpt from http://www.worldmag.com/world/issue/12-02-00/cover_4.asp )
 
Postmodernism, why did it have to be postmodernism?

Ok, I'm not as up on this as I used to be, however I do remember studying it in a high school Western Civ class. (Don't worry, the teacher was cool, and encouraged dissension on stuff like this, even though he likes it.)
At any rate, I simply dismissed this entire philosophy out of hand.
The problem is, arguing with a postmodernist is about like arguing with a 3 year old who just keeps asking 'why?'

Postmodernists refuse to acknowledge that there are certain societal givens, in just the same way that in geometry there are certain givens (a line is the distance between 2 points, points occupy 1 dimension, etc etc.)

However, from a post-modern point of view, this is untrue due to their belief that the basic nature of reality, and therefore any societal constructs are totally maleable.
So, according to them, if the nature of reality is maleable, then so is your interpretation.

Esentially, post modernism is all about the elimination of absolutes. Nothing is black and white, all areas are grey (and in some cases, the shades of grey are all the same!)

I recall once reading an article about a postmodernism in which a student of this thought said that even though she disagreed with Hitler's movement to exterminate minority groups, she could not be morally outraged by it.

Overall, this philosophy is a load of bunk, but you can't tell this to its adherents because they will only claim that it is a load of bunk according to your 'world view' or whatever.
 
"The least initial deviation from the truth is multiplied later a thousandfold." Aristotle

"Little errors in the beginning lead to serious consequences in the end." Thomas Aquinas (paraphrased)

Two leading philosophers seperated by 16 centuries, both of whom foretold of the errors in relativistic thought that we today call modernism (and it's recent descendent - postmodernism).

Thinkers such as Hobbes; Descartes; Hume; Kant; Spinoza; et al, made the mistake in departing from what was known (absolute) by all, to merely what was perceived (relative) by the individual.

Ask Aristotle or Aquinas and you will get absolute morals and ethics (Truth) based upon common (shared) perceptions as opposed to the relativistic and individual perception of the later philosophers.

We did not get to this point overnight. It has taken over 350 years to arrive at postmodernism. To reverse this trend in faulty thinking will take at least as long, possibly longer, as one would be combating the base elements of the human psyche.
 
Did I misunderstand in thinking that Spinoza merely advocated freedom of conscience? Truth may be absolute on some level (i.e. you shall not murder) yet we all look at the same reality though different eyes...and Spinoza did not like the idea of burning people for herecy i.e. difference in outlook onthe same reality.
 
Oleg Volk asked: Did I misunderstand in thinking that Spinoza merely advocated freedom of conscience?

"Nature does not work with an end in view.For the eternal and infinite Being, which we call God or Nature, acts by the same necessity as that whereby it exists. . . . Therefore, as he does not exist for the sake of an end, so neither does he act for the sake of an end; of his existence and of his action there is neither origin nor end." [iv. Preface; Ethics, Baruch Spinoza]

To that end, Spinoza also advocated that man had no "free will" and was controlled entirely by the survival instinct. This is manifest in his God/Nature definition above, which is the forerunner of what is now called Scientific Pantheism.

The freedom of conscience you may be referring to is what got Spinoza excommunicated from the New Amsterdam Synagogue.

Al.
 
Guess it is time for me to go to the original texts

I have not read Spinoza and relied on others' interpretations...looks like I ought to discontinue thta practice.
 
gasp...you read Latin?! <envious grin>

Still, in all, whether one calls it modernism or postmodernism (I don't see much difference between the two philosophical viewpoints, shrug), it goes towards understanding the how and why of the liberal mindset. They DO truly believe they are right in their interpretations of laws and events.

Mind you, I don't agree with their premise, I just try to understand.

Al.
 
The quoted item misreads what was modernism or postmodernism.

The men who wrote the U.S. Constitution knew well what power does: It corrupts. Hence, the separation of powers among the three equal branches of the federal government and the distinct sovereign status of the several states (with certain powers assigned to either the states or the federal government) diffuses the concentration of power in American society. Thus, as witnessed in 211 years of Constitutional rule, radical shifts in authority to the left or the right are uncommon. Rule from the center has remained intact because no one authority can gain too much power thanks to the system of checks and balances. The system works well for political stability. And, if the worst were to happen, a coup d'etat, there is still the Second Amendment, which reserves power to the people to bear arms to resist such an attempt.

Moreover, not only is the U.S. decentralized in its Constitutional structure, but it is also decentralized in its cultural organization too. For instance, there is no one center of culture in the U.S. It just isn't all about what people think or do in New York City or Los Angeles. Power and influence also flow from The South, The West, and other regions of the nation. Foucualt himself noted this reality in interviews he did when teaching in California. Unlike France, where Paris is the center of everything, America is a diverse collection of politcal and cultural entities that diffuse the concentration of power in several ways. This arrangement is evident in the annual conflicts in Congress as people from different areas struggle for their own interests. The courts too are marked by distinct regional differences since judges often come from the areas they serve. So it goes. Power envies power. Such envy keeps things in check.

Modernism, as a philosophy, was stillborn when it appeared in the late 17th and early 18th century. By the late 18th century, our founders knew that rarefied theories eventually only serve destabilizing shifts in power (witness what the Bolsheviks did in Russia over a century later). To guard from this threat, the founders constructed a political system that does not let any one group, infused with the latest intellectual fad, be led by a William Jennings Bryan or a Jesse Jackson, to take on too much power too quickly.

Postmodernism, which is an attempt to correct the shortcomings of modernism, fares no better because it is still founded on the idea that human beings can reason their way into some higher position of intellectual or moral authority, given that they get the right theory to do so. Such authority does not come from an ability to think big ideas or make complex arguments. Instead, such authority comes from traditions and institutions that preserve what the founders called the inalienable right of individuals to live unmolested by abusive authorities. For examples, look to history where such abuses abound. The founders had these examples on their minds, especially given the then recent history of England.

You will know a moral and upright person by the way he wields power. Whether it is the power of self-preservation or the power that a political office confers upon him, you will know him by how he handles that power. It is an everyday structural imperative than no one can ignore. We all acquit or indict ourselves accordingly. Everybody knows that you cannot just do anything to get by. How you handle this constraint tells much about a person. Naturally, Clinton flunked the test long ago, and Gore is flunking it now.

[Edited by Trevor on 12-08-2000 at 08:41 PM]
 
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