The M1917 Enfield rifle (there is no such thing as a P-17) is plenty strong for any commercial cartridge you can get to fit the magazine. This will include everything from 22-250 up to 460 Weatherby. Conversions are neither easy nor cheap, so unless you really want a converted Enfield, you would be money ahead looking at a Remington, Ruger, Winchester, TC, etc.
If you decide that no, this is your true love, then you will need to:
1- Remove the military barrel. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
2- Remove the sight ears. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
3- New barrel, chamber and crown. You may need to rework the bolt face if the cartridge you choose does not have a standard bolt face. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
4- New trigger. There are several aftermarket option, but you will likely wind up with a Timney trigger.
5- Modify the magazine to eliminate the belly. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
6- Drill and tap for scope bases or sights. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
7- Polish and blue. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
8- Find and fit a stock. You will likely need a gunsmith to do this.
9- Finish the stock, checker if desired.