If they could be used, the distance that the bullet has to travel through the chamber through the throats into the bore is not a "show stopper". Think about it - there are many revolvers chambered in a caliber that can and are able tu utilize shorter cartridges.
357 - you can shoot 38 Colt Short, 38 Colt Long and 38 Special. I reload and shoot all of those out of 357s on a regular basis.
45 Colt - the 45 Schofield is shorter - Starline is now making a 45 "Cowboy" passing that has the same rim and dimensions as both of the above but is the length of a 45 ACP basically.The only time you might run in to a problem with the 44 Colt and Schofield is due to the diameters of the rims being different and the particular diameter of the centerline that the chambers are bored on in a cylinder - if too small, you may have to load every other chamber or a total of three in a six shooter.
32 calibers - I don't load or have any but 32 S & W will shoot in revolvers such as a 327 Mag - only difference is length of casing.
22 - the cartridge that we all grew up with as kids - 22 short, long and long rifle - all will chamber and shoot in a 22 revolver chambered in 22 LR