Doerdie, in a revolver cylinder the "throat" is the area in each chamber immediately ahead of the spot where the cartridge case rests and into which the bullet projects. The job of the cylinder throat is to guide the bullet from the cartridge into the throat of the barrel. If the barrel and cylinder are properly aligned, the jump from the cartridge to the rifling in the barrel should be pretty smooth, with any slight misalignment corrected by the forcing cone at the rear of the barrel. In theory, a properly-sized bullet will fit into the throat with just a slight amount of force. Otherwise accuracy starts to be affected. If you want to see this in action, take a cartridge that fits easily into one of your revolvers and try inserting it from the FRONT of the cylinder. The bullet might go in, but the case certainly won't, at least it shouldn't.
Here are a couple of photos to show you what you're looking at. The first is a WW-II S&W Victory model .38 Special; the second a S&W Model 27 .357 Magnum. The throat is most of the way down at the far end of each chamber.