SFAIK, the maximum effective range has nothing to do with aimed fire. It's range limit at which the projectile can still injure or kill.
There is a case of a man killed by a .270 bullet--from the lack of expansion, and the probable angle, it was guesstimated that a deer hunter some mile or more away had just turned a bullet loose. Missed his deer, or "just shot". The deceased was painting his house; the bullet never exited his head.
The term has meaning mostly in machine gun fire at an assault while the attackers are still "way out yonder".
The original .30-'06 rounds for the Springfield, with the 172-grain boattail, were deemed effective at one mile, with a maximum range of two miles, IIRC. (I'm away from my reference material, so correct me if you have better data.)
I do recall for sure from Korea that our .50s were called effective to 3,500 yards, with a max range of 5,300 yards.
FWIW, Art
[This message has been edited by Art Eatman (edited September 22, 2000).]