Well, it almost certainly would not have been a rifle. The colonists were usually given, or bought, older military muskets. At that date it could have been one of several types. One would be a matchlock. Though those were pretty well obsolete by that date, many were still around, retained because they were simple and easily repaired. Another possibility would be an English dog lock musket, which would also have been in use. Wheel locks and snaphaunces were used in the colonies as well, and many of each type have been found in excavations in Jamestown and elsewhere, but the former would have been expensive and more likely to be used by a wealthy person. The true flintlock was just coming into use, so it is just possible that your character had one of them.
There was no self-contained ammunition, of course, but paper cartridges were used by the military and were known in civilian life. The usual practice was to load using a powder flask, usually of wood, some of which were highly decorated and works of art in themselves. Of course, all the colonies hired miltary advisers to help them form an armed force and train them in the use of weapons. These advisers didn't need to be members of whatever group was forming a colony. Probably the most famous of them was the man hired by the Pilgrims, a Roman Catholic ex-Army Captain named Myles Standish (who did not have a "thing" with Priscilla Mullins; his son, Alexander, later married the daughter of John and Priscilla Mullins Alden).
Now, a piece of unsolicited advice. When writing fiction, keep the technical stuff down to a minimum. If you are an expert in an area like cars or guns, you can bore and distract your reader with details. If you are not an expert, trying to write as if you are just leads to mistakes that make you look foolish.
In other words, in a 1697 story, "the hero raised his musket and fired" is perfectly fine. "The hero raised his .416 Rigby caliber M16 rifle and fired 80 rounds out of his Accles drum magazine at the attacker" might sound like you are an expert, but in reality would only demonstrate abysmal ignorance. Simple does it best.
You might be able to find in your local library a book by Harold L. Peterson, called "Arms and Armor in Colonial America." I think you would find it useful, but it is out of print long ago and probably too expensive to buy even if you can find a copy.
Good luck.
Jim